The tiileng e bonaletsang le 'mele amorphous. Crystal - jwalo bitsoa leqhoa boholo-holo. Ebe e ile ea bitsoa quartz kristale le rhinestone, nahana ka liminerale tsena ba tsohile leqhoa. kristale e leng ba tlhaho ba le e entsoeng ke motho (a maiketsetso a). Ba li sebelisoa indastering mabenyane, optics, elektronike le motlakase le boenjiniere, e le litšehetso bakeng sa likarolo ka liletsa phahameng sebetsa ka ho nepahetseng le boitsebiso bo superhard khorofo.
-butle bonaletsang ba tšoauoa ka thatafala, ba le boemo ba tieo kamehla sebaka sa limolek'hule, liathomo kapa ions, ka tsela eo eaba ba etsa nako le nako tse tharo-tlhakore kristale lekhoakhoa (sebopeho). Kwa, e bontša hore ho khetheha tiileng foromo setshwani tsa 'mele le ho itseng thepa' meleng. Ka mokgwa Link tsa 'mele kristale bonahatsa setshwani tlholeho ka hare "ambalaji" ea likaroloana le. Sena se etsang qeto ea tekano ea dikhutloteng pakeng lifahleho tsa kristale tsohle entsoeng ka ntho e tšoanang.
Ba tla ba le e lekanang le hole ho tswa ho setsi sa centre pakeng tsa liathomo tsa boahelani (haeba ba ne ba teng ka mola o le 'ngoe ka kotloloho, hole ena e tla ba e tšoanang ho pholletsa le bolelele ba mohala). Empa bakeng sa liathomo tse larileng ka ka mola o otlolohileng tloha tataiso a mang, hole le tla ba le e fapaneng e pakeng tsa litsi tsa liathomo le. Sena se entseng hore anisotropy ena. Anisotropy - botlhokwa go feta, fapana-butle amorphous bonaletsang.
Ho feta 90%-butle ka ngotsoe ke kristale. Ka tlhaho, ba teng ka sebōpeho sa lithollo le 'ngoe le disampole polycrystalline. kristale Single - nang molekane, litšobotsi tsa tse emeloang ke dikhutlontsi kamehla; di tšoauoa ka ho ba teng ha ka lekhoakhoa tsoelang pele kristale, le anisotropy thepa 'meleng.
Polycrystals - e le 'mele o nang le lithollo tse ngata tse nyenyane, "fused' le balekane ba batla erratically. Polycrystals ke lirafshoa, tsoekere, majoe, lehlabathe. Ka 'mele joalo (mohlala, ka tšepe sekhechana) anisotropy hase hangata ho totobala ka lebaka la tokisetso ea tšohanyetso ea thepa ea motheo, le hoja thoko nkiloeng kristale anisotropy bath ea' mele.
thepa tse ling tsa thepa bonaletsang: mocheso tieo hlalosoa crystallization le lintlha tse qhibilihang (ho ba teng ha lintlha tse mahlonoko tseo), matla a, elasticity, conductivity, ts'ebetsong, mocheso conductivity.
Amorphous - ba se nang sebopeho. Kahoo ho toba le fetoletswe ho tloha lentsoe la Segerike. Amorphous 'mele bōpa ka tlhaho. Ka mohlala, 'mala o mosehla, boka ba linotši, seretse se chesang khalase. Ke bōpa batho ba maiketsetso amorphous-butle amehang - khalase le lehoakhoa (maiketsetso), parafini, dipolasetiki (polymers), rosin, naphthalene naphthalene, ssp. dintho Amorphous se na lekhoakhoa kristale ka lebaka la tokisetso ea pherekano motseng oa limolek'hule (liathomo, ions) ka sebopeho sa 'mele. Ka hona, le thepa ea 'meleng ea tse ling amorphous' mele isotropic - e tšoanang ka 'nģa tsohle. Bakeng sa thepa amorphous, ha ho na tse mahlonoko tseo mocheso qhibiliha ntlha, butle-butle ba nolofatsa holim 'futhumatsang le ho retelehela ka mokelikeli viscous. mele Amorphous abelwa lipakeng (phetoho) Boemo pakeng sephalli le-butle bonaletsang: ba thatafatsa le ba rekere ho feta moo e ka khoa ha a otla makhapa shapeless ka thempereichara e tlaase. Ha thempereichara e phahameng, likarolo tsena bontša ductility, ea e-sephalli viscous.
Hona joale hore u tseba seo 'mele kristale!