American Maindia-Mohawk. History le setso sa moloko

Iroquois - batho ba lulang libakeng tse bohareng tsa United States le Canada. Sehlopha sena merabe e tummeng eseng feela bakeng sa ponahalo ea lona e sa tloaelehang, empa hape e thahasellisang ea histori le ea ka neano. Kajeno re u fa ho leeto e hlollang ka likarolong tse tebileng ka ho fetisisa tsa Great Lakes le , 'me u ithute ho eketsehileng mabapi le hore na ho phela letsoalloa American Indian Mohawk.

Selekane sa Iroquois ke eng?

Mohlomong ka 1570 ho na le e ne e le selekane sa ba Iroquois bitsoa Selekane sa Haudenosaunee. Qalong, thuto ena e ne e akarelletsa meloko e mehlano: ho Oneida, Mohawk, Cayuga, Onondaga le Seneca. Hamorao, ka 1770, ho kena Selekane sa Haudenosaunee moloko Tuscarora lelekoa libaka e ka boroa ea United States (eo hona joale Bochabela Carolina).

Ka lebaka haufi merabe, tsa setso le a kahisano le mabitso a batho bao ba ba lihlopha tsena kaofela, 'me ho ne ho e Iroquois Maindia. Tlhaloso ea merabe li ke ke tsa ntle litšobotsi tsa meloko eo a ikopanya le Haudenosaunee League. Ka hona, re sheba e mong oa meloko e feta.

Oneida Tribe

Oneida - moloko oa League Iroquois. Qalong, bana ba hae ba ne ba lula karolong e ka leboea New York, 'me ka nako eo ba ile ba lula naheng ea ka leboea-bochabela Wisconsin (haufi Green Bay). "Motho ea Nang le lejoe tsitsitseng" - jwalo ipitsang e mong a ileng a tsoa ho Oneida Indian moloko, ho Iroquois. histori ea lebitso la e amanang le ea ka neano ea moo. Ho ea ka tšōmo, e bohareng ba motse ba ka sehloohong Oneida kamehla beha e kholo o mofubelu Boulder. Lejoe lena e ile ea e le letsoao la bohlokoa la moloko.

Mohawk Tribe

Mohawk (Mohawk kapa) - North American Indian moloko ba lulang libakeng ka bochabela ea New York State. The Haudenosaunee League sehlopha sena a bitsoa "baboloki ba monyako e ka bochabela." Kajeno magavki - ena ke meloko e mengata ea ho fetisisa ka Iroquois selekane. Hona joale ba lula liprofinseng tsa Ontario le Quebec (Canada).

The mabitso a mang pele le moloko Maeurope Mohawk etsahetse ka 1634, ha a kenella ka fatše American ea Dutch. Mohawk Iroquois pele ba bang ba ile ba qala ho Trade le Europe.

Ho tsoa molokong Mohawk ne joalo botho tummeng ka Dzhozef Brant (ofisiri e le British Army, khetholloa ka boeena o ka nako ya Revolutionary Ntoa American), Kateri Tekakwitha (Halalelang Roma e K'hatholike) le Polin Dzhonson (tummeng Canada actor le mongoli oa buka).

Cayuga Tribe

Cayuga moloko qalong o ne a lula sebakeng Cayuga Lake pakeng tsa lichaba tsa Seneca le Onondaga. Kajeno bana ba bona ba lula profinseng ea Ontario (Canada) le ka Perrysburg (New York, USA).

Letsoalloa la moloko Cayuga ke Harry Farmer - ". Shoeleng Man" ea tummeng oa Canada motšoantšisi, ba ileng ba fetoha leboha tummeng ho filimi "Police Academy" le

moloko Onondaga

North American baemeli ba meloko Onondaga ipitsang "batho ba maralleng." Qalong, batho ba tshwerweng tšimong ea sebakeng ka leboea-bophirimela ea 'Muso oa New York. Empa ka mor'a hore Ntoa ea oa boitaolo molokong United States ba ile ba lelekoa ho tsoa linaheng tsena le likarolo tse ling tsa Ontario (Canada) tšoareha ka oona.

Re lokela ho hlokomela hore ka Selekane sa Onondaga Haudenosaunee moloko o ile a sebeletsa e le "barab'abo rōna ba se seholo", ke hore,. E. Held maemong bo lebisang ho Soviet Union.

Seneca Tribe

Matsoalloa molokong Seneca ipitsang "lithaba batho". Hona joale batho ba ena le teng mabōpong a Seneca Lake, teng ka boroa ho Ontario le Genesee River ka leboea ho New York. Qalong, Seneca ae phethang tšimong e sabaletseng ho tloha New York ho Pennsylvania.

From historing ea moloko

Ho tloha lilemong tsa bo-XI Iroquois hapa tšimo le leholo pakeng tsa nōka ea St. Lawrence River le Lake Ontario. Ka nako e telele ba ne ba lula tikolohong e algonkinoyazychnyh meloko (Ojibwa, liphello, Algonquins) le loana ka linako tsohle bakeng sa naha ea bona.

The mabitso a mang e haufi-ufi League tsa Iroquois hlokomelwa le Madache. bahoebi European rekiloeng meloko ea moo Beaver matlalo le ho fapana fa tsona ka lithunya. Hang ha beaver tsohle sebakeng pakeng tsa nōka ea St. Lawrence River le Lake Ontario di felisoa, ea Dutch pushed ka Iroquois hapa naha e ncha. Sena se ile sa etsa hore e le qalo ea ho thoeng Beaver Lintoa. Ka 1660, ho Iroquois qala ho etsa buisana le 'ona ka New France. Motse-moholo o ile a tšehetsa ba likolone tsa lona, e le hore meloko ea North America o ile a qala ho utloa bohloko ho hlōloa. Ho sa le joalo, masole a Brithani a hapa kolone Madache oa New Netherland, seha ka Iroquois tsa balekane ba bohlokoa ka ho fetisisa khoebo.

Ka 1688, ntoa e ile ea qhoma ka lebaka la Senyesemane le lefa pakeng tsa Fora le Brithani. Ka ntoa ena, ho Iroquois ne lehlakoreng la Brithani. Ho phaella moo, meloko North American ho ba tšehetsa ka French le Indian Ntoa. likhohlano tsena tse peli li ka ho feletseng fetola ho leka-lekana ea matla k'honthinenteng ena. The Iroquois fetohile itšetlehileng ka ho feletseng ka phepelo ea matsoho a tloha Engelane.

The Iroquois ka Revolutionary Ntoa American

Ka 1775 o ile a qala American Revolutionary Ntoa. Ka ntoa ena, e-ba teng ka, ka lehlakoreng le leng, e United Kingdom le loyalists (ke hore, a tšepahala ho 'muso oa Brithani ..), And ka nngwe - 13 likolone tsa Brithani. Boholo ba Maindia a nakong ea ntoa buella ho se nke lehlakore. Great Haudenosaunee League Lekhotla hape qalong o ile a lula ba sa nke lehlakore. Leha ho le joalo, ka 1777, ho Iroquois ne lehlakoreng la Great Britain. Lebaka le ka sehloohong bakeng sa e ne e le hore Engelane e ne e le mofani wa thepa ya sehlooho loana e le hore meloko North American. Ho phaella moo, ba boholong bokolone o ne o hanela matsoalloa bona ho nka tšimo bophirimela ho Appalachian Mountains ho qoba likhohlano le Maindia.

Ka mor'a ntoa, e United Kingdom o ile a fa naha ea Iroquois tlas'a taolo US. Nakong ena Selekane Haudenosaunee khaotsa ho ba teng. Karolo ea Iroquois fallela leboea - naheng nehiloe ho moqhaka British bakeng sa tšehetso ea lona ntoeng. E mong meloko halofo Haudenosaunee League tsoela pele ho lula naheng ea New York.

Moruo le bophelo ba American Iroquois

Ho joalo, kamoo a neng a lula le o ile a etella bophelo ba e bonolo Indian-Mohawk? Features ya setso sa meloko North American ea neng a lula sebakeng Great Lakes, thehoa le tlas'a tšusumetso ea lintlha kantle. Tšimo leo ho ahiloeng ho ke Iroquois, hantle e ne e ka crests ea lithabeng. linaha tsena li ne li koahetsoe ke meru e teteaneng le pota-potiloe ke linōka le matša. maemo a klimate a entse hore lefapha la ho khetheha ea meloko North American.

The Iroquois ba ne ba lula matlong kgolo khōlō - ovachirah. Ba ne ba e hahiloeng ka ka sebopeho ya khutlonnetsepa le marulelo moqomo hare.

Chai ka sehloohong e ne e le meloko e poone. masimo a poone lula libakeng tse kgolo (ho fihlela ho 9 km le ka radius). Ho phaella moo, Iroquois lengoa linaoa le mokopu.

From lekholong la bo18 la lilemo e ka mafolofolo ho ntshetsa pele kgwebo ya sesole le boea. Ena e ne e ka lebaka la ho koala mabitso a mang 'me khoebo ea ka-ralikolone ba. meloko e ka leboea ea Amerika li fuoa ba Europe Beaver pelts, tse neng li sebelisoa bakeng sa tlhahiso ea likatiba boea. Temo mosebetsi, e le busa, ba kopanela ho khetheha ho basali ba.

Bophelo lipolotiki tsa Iroquois

Ka bophelo ba lipolotiki ba meloko North American hapa e ka sehloohong maemo a Haudenosaunee League. litho tsa oona li ne li lokela ho boloka khotso har'a bona. Etilwepele Lekhotla Selekane sa Marena, e bopilweng ka 50 sachems. litho tsa eona ba kgethwa ke bo-'mè ba belehang. Lekhotla la Molawana tšohloa ka thoko ke e mong le e mong, 'me joale etsa qeto le ntsoe-leng. E mong le e le moeta-pele ka veto qeto efe kapa efe. Qeto ea pele ea Seboka tšohla Mohawks, ka nako eo - Seneca le Oneida, le tsa morao-rao - Cayuga le Onondaga.

melao ea tsohle le meetlo ea meloko Haudenosaunee League ne tlalehiloeng ka 'Bukeng ea Molao e Moholo. " Ke habohlokoa ho hlokomela hore US Motheo ile bopile ka tokomane ena.

Sebopeho tsa sechaba tsa meloko North American

Ka sehloohong unit trust ya setjhaba Iroquois sesebediswa hlahile, e neng e e eteletsoeng pele ke mosali. litho tsa oona li na le beng kopanetsweng tsa naha 'me naha ea temo. E mong le e leloko tsoalla itseng lebitso la lelapa. Ka tloaelo ho, ho ne ho amana le lebitso la phoofolo. Mefuta eohle ea basali ba ne ba amehang ka mafolofolo boto ea pelehi. Libokeng tsa lona kgethilweng sachems - Marena Lekhotla.

Ea ho hlophisoa ka kenyelletsa meloko ho tloha genera 10 ho 3. Kahoo, ha a le Seneca, Onondaga le Cayuga ho ne ho 8, ha Mohawk le Oneida - 3.

Ponahalo e Iroquois

Tloaelehileng American Indian-Mohawk, lifoto tsa e leng e fana mona ka tlase, le khahlanong le maikutlo a atileng kajeno, ba ne ba sa roala moriri "Mohawk". Banna le baeta-pele ba merabe, e le busa, ho feletseng beoloa moriri. Ho na le o ile a lula feela le lenyenyane "le ea notlelea letlalo la hlooho".

Militant pono Iroquois nka feela nakong ea matšolo sesole le mekete e meholo ea bolumeli. Hairstyles hore hanyenyane feela tšoana ratoang kajeno rala masole a ne a apara moloko Onondaga. Ba ka ho feletseng beoloa moriri, ba siea feela ka megalana tse nyenyane hammoho le setsi sa hlooho, e leng e ka nako eo braided ka braid ka.

lithuto tsa bolumeli

Qalong, motheo oa bolumeli e ne e le Iroquois totemism - le ho lumela ho liphoofolo phahametseng matla a tlhaho. Liphoofolo li sebeletsa e le mesebetsi eponyms genus Tshireletso nakong ea ntoa, patronized temo le ho tsoma. Mohlala, Mohawk, ho ea loana, a phethang le bona matsoho le ka sehloohong moloko setšoantšo totem.

cults tsena sa tsoa feta e ile ea bohlokwa khoebo. The Iroquois lumela hore moloko o lokela ho tsoma bakeng sa totem phoofolo bona. Mabapi le sena e ratoa haholo har'a North American Maindia a ile a sebelisa borapeli ba bere.

Ho phaella moo, ka bophelo ba bolumeli ba Iroquois bohlokwa fumanweng cults temo. Meloko e rapela le masantu masengeli komemiama naha daruyuschuyu ba matla. Haholo-holo e ratoang e ne e le borapeli ba "barali babo ba bararo-baoki" - lijalo le ka sehloohong (poone, linaoa le squash).

Re lokela ho hlokomela hore Iroquois pele tse ding meloko North American le khohlano le ho ruta Bokreste. bolumeli ba European qetella e le karolo ea bohlokoa ea bophelo ba bona. Hona joale, ho Iroquois ba Bokreste.

Tsebo ea ho ntoa Iroquois

Ka mor'a hore sebopeho sa Selekane sa Haudenosaunee matla sesole meloko pele disparate eketsehile haholo. Pele ho European ikopanye le Iroquois sikiloe ne e ena le liqha le metsu, marumo le melangoana. Ho phaella moo, ba ne ba sebelisa lithebe tsa lehong tse sireletsang 'mele, hlooho le maoto a ea mohlabani e. Qala mosebetsi oa matsoho phathahane le ea Dutch ile sa etsa hore liphetoho bophelong sesole ea meloko North American.

Maeurope fa lithunya le daggers. Leha ho le joalo, mekhoa tsena ha ba hang-hang nkeloa sebaka ea tloaetseng Iroquois tšireletso (inamela le motsu). Ho qaloa ho lithunya lebisa ho hana mapolanka ea lehong. Ho tloha ka nako eo Iroquois hape qala ho sebelisa maqiti a tse ncha tsa ntoa - hasanya mokhoa ka lebaleng la ntoa.

The Iroquois ne e tsoetseng pele ho feta ka ho sebelisa libetsa tsa lihlahisoa tse ncha ho feta meloko e meng North American. Sena se tlatsetsa haholo ho mabitso a mang haufi kgwebo ya le Europe.