TPP - ke hore ha ho joalo? Seukraine TPPs

eneji, le Seukraine e entsoe ka lik'hamphani matla ho fehla motlakase oa mefuta eohle ea khoneha - dimela mogote matla, liteishene fehlang motlakase matla, libetsa tsa nyutlelie dimela matla. Botsitso ba mofuta oa pele e ka matla susumetsoa ke maemo a hona joale a moruo, ho senyeha eo ka lebaka la phepelo ea fokotswa tsa mashala le Donbass.

Boikemisetso ba TPP

Kahoo, TES - le matla a dimela, e leng ho diyuniti matla e pele sokolohela lik'hemik'hale eneji, le combusted mafura hydrocarbon (mashala, khase, oli) ka eneji, le mogote wa mouoane, 'me ntan'o ba ho phetha molao eneji, le male rotor khannoang turbines le lijenereithara synchronous, ' me qetellong ka eneji, le motlakase fuoang ka ea windings ea stator ho matla theiboleng.

TPP e ka ba tse kgolo matla bosebeletsi ba ka bokgoni ba MW likete tse 'maloa,' me maikemisetso a fokolang ho tloha e seng mekae lekholo KW ho MW 'maloa.

Ka lebaka la mosebetsi oa bona kamehla tsamaea le go tuka ga molelo tsa hydrocarbon mafura mohlapo ho sepakapaka sa bophahamo ba modumo khōlō ea khase flue, ho TES - ke e tebileng tšilafalo le palokatiso ya tikoloho. Ka hona, mosebetsi oa lik'hamphani tsena ke kamehla shebisiswa ka tšebeletso ea ka ea phatlalatsa ea taolo ea tikoloho le sechaba.

tlhophiso TPP

E o ile a etsa ka lebaka la moralo oa diyuniti tsa bona ka matla. ikhethang mefuta e 'maloa.

1. tanka-turbine dimela mogote matla - ES ke mohato tlamang ka tlhahiso ea mouoane. Jwalo ka karolo ya diyuniti tsa bona matla a mouoane litanka le turbines mouoane. Har'a bona ke tsena:

• Condensation ES (ogy). Ka nako ya Soviet Union ba ne ba bitsoa matla setereke boemo (TPP). Ba hlahisa motlakase feela.

• ho kopantswe mocheso le matla (CHP). lik'hamphani tsena na, ka lehlakoreng le leng ho ogy, ka ntle ho hlahisa motlakase, le ho feta mosebetsi oa ho hlahisoa ha mouoane le metsi a chesang bakeng sa futhumatsang.

2. Gas Turbine ES. Tsena Energoagregat litanka se mouoane, turbines khase le drive matla le manakana a potolohang ka chesang flue likhase tse hlahisoang ke tukang mafura (khase ea tlhaho, mafura disele).

3. kopantswe-potoloho ea mogote matla dimela - ke manaka tsa CHP oo mouoane hlahisoang ka lebaka la ho mocheso barrel oa meea e ea flue lokolloa ka turbines khase.

4. disele Electric.

5. kopantswe ES.

Litšobotsi kakaretso ea Energy tsa Ukraine

Naha e na le a mane tsa nyutlelie dimela matla, e phorosela ba bahlano e matla seteishene fehlang motlakase ka Dnieper, Dniester PSP, palo ea liteishene tsa fehlang motlakase matla a ka linoka Transcarpathian, hammoho le ka mashome a mahlano TPP le CHPP maikarabelong tse fapa-fapaneng - ho tloha 20 MW (Lviv TPP-1) ho fihlela ho 3600 MW, eo e moholo ka ho fetisisa mogote matla dimela - Zaporizhia. Ho na le matla a tšoanang le Uglegorsk TPS, empa e ke e haufi le khohlano mola ka Donbass, 'me e sebetsa ka nakoana.

Ka Ukraine le momahaneng Energy System (UES), e kenyeletsang TPP metso e mene, dimela a mane tsa nyutlelie matla, dimela tse supileng mwinda, tse tharo pumped polokelo, hammoho le mashome a robong e supileng CHP, tse nyenyane fehlang motlakase liteishene matla, mapolasi moea, joalo-joalo dinleyin. Hlomamisa bokgoni Electric eco Ukraine ke 53.780.000 kWh . Ka 2012 ba ne ba ya hlahiswa 198 119 000 000 KW ∙ H tsa motlakase.

Ena matla a dimela tsa nyutlelie e fanoeng ka matla a tsitsitseng ho sa tsotellehe nako marangrang a letsatsi, 'me TPP Ukraine, hammoho le HPP lona ho sebetsa le bokgoni polygonal, a tlotsitsoeng diurnal litlhōrō.

Ba ka sehloohong matla a ho fehla motlakase khampani

tlhahiso ea gare wa motlakase ka baholo ba Ukraine etsoa ES bao e leng tse supileng lik'hamphani matla ho fehla motlakase. Tsena, lik'hamphani tse 'nè e nang le bokgoni palo yohle hlomamisa ya milione 18,2 KW - "Kyivenergo", "Dniproenergo", "Zapadenergo" "Vostokenergo" - karolo ea Donetsk Fuel le Energy Company (DTEK), eo, ka khampani tsa lona a tšoere "System Capital Management" laola oligarch Rinat Akhmetov. Nyenyane khampani "Donbassenergo" nang le bokgoni ba hlomamisa ya milione 2,855 KW laola khampani "Energoinvest Holding" ho tloha Donetsk. Qetellong, ba babeli ba lik'hamphani setseng ba le tlas'a taolo ea 'muso. Sena "Centerenergo" ena le bokhoni instolwe tsa kilowatts milione 7,575 le Nak "Enerhoatom 'ena le bokhoni instolwe li 14, kilowatts milione 140.

Mathata a ka TPPs Seukraine

Bothata ka sehloohong ke phokotso bohlokoa ka phepelo ea mashala ho tloha Donbass, hammoho le ho hloka chelete bakeng sa theko ea eona. haelloa mashala ke bothata ho tloaelehile hore libaka tsohle le lik'hamphani matla ho fehla motlakase.

June o ile a qala, 'me metšoasong TPP ntse ke halofo feela. March le April ka mashala dimela mogote matla Ukraine e ile ea eketseha ho tloha 750 ho 850 tse likete tse. Tonnes. Me le e boloke ho fihlela ho qaleha ha futhumatsang nako, bonyane ba boima ba lithane tse limilione tse 3, le le ho feta - ho lithane tse limilione tse 4 tsa mashala.

Ha bolokoang thepa e rekisoang ba tlatsitse ka lieha tšoanang, ka nako eo ea mariha tla ipokellela lithane tse se fetang limilione tse 1.3-1.5 ea mashala. Ka e tšoanang metšoasong fokolang mariha a ho qetela re ile ra tlameha ho hlahisa mokhoa oa ho phethola blackouts, le linaheng tse eco ha e oele feela ka lebaka la mashala Russia le motlakase.

Leha ho le joalo, ho qetela nakong ea mariha e ne e le mofuthu haholo. Haeba a batang tla nka lintho ka botebo ho feta, 'me mashala tla lula e le mathata a ho honyenyane qala khale pele ho moo' me bohlokoa ho feta tšusumetso baahi le likhoebo (e leng ntse ba tsoela pele ho tšoara).

Lehlabuleng la TPP re lokela ho sebetsa ka mothamo o fokotsehileng e le hore haelloa lona eco fihla milione 3 KW. Ho latela se ileng sa etsahalla selemong se fetileng, mathoasong a nakong ea mariha e ka eketseha ho fihlela ho limilione tse 6 KW, 'me joale tlas'a tumellano ea hore ba ne ba sa e kupa frosts thata.

tse etsahalang morao tjena ka lefapha la matla tsa Ukraine

Qetellong ea May, ho ne ho liketsahalo tse peli tse phahameng-profil amanang le TPP setopong. Kahoo, k'hamphani ea "Donbassenergo" Slavyanskaya TPS ile a khaotsa ho, 'me puso khampani "Centrenergo" - sebetsa Zmiev TPP sebakeng Kharkiv.

Tabeng ena, emisa Maslav TPP mong'a lona qosa boemo Seukraine, khampani o ile a hana ho lefa bakeng sa motlakase fuoa. bothata e na le totobetseng overtones lipolotiki, kaha e mong oa k'hamphani eo mogote matla dimela "Donbassenergo" - Starobeshevskaya - teng ka DNI. Sekoloto kakaretso ea puso khampani "Energy", ea isang metsana le tsohle energogeneneriruyuschimi le phepelo eneji, le lik'hamphani, pele "Donbassenergo" kajeno fihla ka $ limilione tse 72 ka lebelo hona joale phapanyetsano.

Zmiev TPP emisoa mosebetsi fela ka lebaka la ho haella ha mashala, e leng feela ka ho lekaneng hore unit trust e mong. Leha ho le joalo, ho ke ke moruong disadvantageous. Ka lebaka leo, seteishining sa tšepa ho boloka mashala bakeng sa diyuniti peli tse tharo.