Technical melao ea tsamaiso - e se ee? Types of melawana botekgeniki le ditlhoko tsa bona

molao oa tsamaiso Technical ke molao linthong tsa tlhaho 'me e na le ka thehoeng, kopo le phetha ditlhoko tlamang bakeng sa lihlahisoa marketable, dithulaganyo ea pōpo ea eona, litšebeletso, basebetsi le basebetsi ba tshebetso, hammoho le ka sekasekale hlophisitsoeng ya latelwa hlokahala.

E mong oa lisebelisoa tsa molao oa tsamaiso e joalo e le molao oa tsamaiso botekgeniki. Tokomane ena, e neng e hlalosa melao bakeng sa molao oa tsamaiso beha dintho botekgeniki. Ea bobeli ka sebeletsa mefuta e sa tšoaneng ea lihlahisoa, mehaho, mehaho e, mehaho, dithulaganyo tlhahiso, tšebeliso, polokelo, lipalangoang, pabatsong le mekhoa ea botjha ha thepa.

Sebelisa le tshebediso tokomane e tlamang.

Molao oa tsamaiso le molao oa tsamaiso botekgeniki. Na hoa khoneha ho kopana bopa dikgopolo tsa aa?

bopa dikgopolo tsa tšoanang tšohloa ke ke bitsoa hantle. Ho ena le hoo, ba botekgeniki melao ea tsamaiso - e subspecies ea melao, beha ditletlebong pele itseng eo e ka amana le litšobotsi tsa thepa kapa ditshebeletso, hammoho le linako tse ling tlhahiso. tokomane ea ka 'na e boetse e na le mantsoe a' me litlhaloso terminologicos, tšoantšetso notation, ambalaji, tšoaea kapa bo bitsa.

Technical molao oa tsamaiso: ke hobane'ng ha e hlokahala?

Kopo ea Technical Melawana pheha khang ea maikemisetso latelang:

• Ho sireletsa bophelo bo botle le bophelo ea baahi ka kakaretso, thepa ea mekhatlo 'meleng le ka molao, hammoho le thepa e, mong'a e ke boemo kapa masepala ba boholong. litokomane tsa taolo "o bitsetsa" ditlhoko tsa tshebetso tlhahiso, hammoho le tlhahiso, e fumanweng ho khumo ea. Ka lebaka leo, maemong a mangata, maemo ana a ba a tlisa hammoho le di TekhStandart, a bontša ka ho mefuta e fapaneng ya maemo a amohelehileng mme litsupa. Hore a latele melao ea tsamaiso botekgeniki, tsohle maemo a amohelehileng a ngotsoe ka ntle ho eona, ke E le hore bakeng sa tlhahiso le ho lokolloa ha thepa.
• Ho sireletsa lefatše, bophelo bo botle le bophelo ba limela le liphoofolo.
• Thibelo ea nkang khato ke bahlahisi hore a ka khelosa bareki. Mona, mosebetsi o ka sehloohong oa molao oa tsamaiso - tloswa ha khetho ea litaba moetsi ho moreki, ba 'nete. Sena se etsa bonnete ba u fumane boitsebiso bo nepahetseng feela. The sesebelisoa ka sehloohong ntoeng ea ka 'nete - traceability.

beha dintho

molao oa tsamaiso botekgeniki sepheo ke ho re:

• lihlahisoa;
• le thulaganyo ya moralo sehlahisoa, ho lokolloa lona, mesebetsi ea kaho, tlhomamiso, laele, tšebeliso, polokelo, lipalangoang, pabatsong le liquidation.

tlhophiso

Ho itšetlehile ka mokhoa oa ho beha ditlhoko:

• E tlamang botekgeniki melao ea tsamaiso. Ena e hlakileng ditlhoko lengolo la ngaka bakeng sa dihlahiswa, tse beha pele ka litšobotsi tse itseng.
• Motheo le melao ea tsamaiso. Qaqisa ditlhoko ka kakaretso, ho akarelletsa le entsprechen boleng hore khethollang le 'ngoe kapa mofuta o mong oa sehlahisoa kapa tshebetso ea pōpo lona.

Ho itšetlehile ka boholo ba ketsahalo e:

• E Tloaelehileng botekgeniki melao ea tsamaiso. Ba ka 'na ho fetisetswa tshekaletseng haholoanyane. ditletlebong joalo li etsoa bakeng sa lihlopha sephara ea lihlahisoa mabapi le likarolo tse malebana le polokeho ea mefuta e fapaneng: tikoloho, ntoa ea nyutlelie, radiological, likokoana-hloko, mollo, EMC le ba bang.
• E khethehileng. Lebitso bobeli - paatsepama. Etselitsoeng ho subgroups motho ea lihlahisoa, e leng ikhethang ya kotsi e itseng ea kotsi ka ho feteletseng ba kotsi ya ho elwa hloko ka kakaretso melao ea tsamaiso botekgeniki.
• Makrootraslevye melawana botekgeniki. Sena ke ba bang ba melao eo kopana kakaretso le ba khethehileng subspecies.

Molao oa tsamaiso ya ditshebeletso botekgeniki

Sepheo sa tokomane ke mechine le thepa.

mofuta ona le melao ea tsamaiso botekgeniki - sete ya melao e amanang le ho boloka le ho lokisa ea thepa ho etsa bonnete ba merero ea tlhahiso, hammoho le lihlahisoa tsa motho ka mong kapa likarolo nakong tšebeliso, polokelo le lipalangoang.

tokomane e na le lethathamo feletseng ea hlokahala tokiso mosebetsi le ho lokisa, khetholloa ka le hantle bona le molao-motheo, a ikemiselitse ho maqhubu a ya tshebetso e. Mosebetsi rarahaneng e thibelang e ka tlhaho 'me ka' na a akarelletsa tse fapa-fapaneng tsa liketso tsa ho itšetlehile ka ntho e le molao oa tsamaiso.

Lipakane le Sepheo

Maintenance kemiso ea e sebediswa ho felisa thepa ho hloleha. Noa ena nahanela, ho phethahala ha mesebetsi e latelang:

• licheke nako le nako ya tlhokomelo laoloa Sepheo;
• Phetolo ya likarolo tse ling tsa lintho tsa tlhaho rerile, e kentse depreciation litšobotsi;
• lokiselitsoe Phetolo ya ethylene bottom, Cooling metsoako le dikamano ka nako ya tshebetso le boemo ba thepa e;
• phethahatso ea mosebetsi oa ho lokisa rerile tlhaho, e kentse tekanyo ea ho apara liaparo tse.

Maintenance kemiso ea akarelletsa ho sebelisa hlophisitsoeng oa mehato e itseng ikemiseditse ho ho boloka thepa le boemong bo sebetsa. Ho ea ka lipalo-palo, tsela ena ea ho rarolla mathata a botekgeniki etsa bonnete ba karolo phahameng ka ho fetisisa ea ho itokisetsa ya ntho e taolong. Feature - litšenyehelo tse phahameng. Ka mantsoe a mang, ho boloka melao bontša ka tekanyo phahameng ka ho fetisisa tsa ka bokgoni ba ho etsa mosebetsi oo tokiso, hammoho le ho ba le tsela e theko e phahameng ka ho fetisisa ho boloka thepa le boemong bo botle, hobane ho ka 'na ha hloka ka nako ya ho lokisa.

molao oa tsamaiso Technical ka polokeho ea meaho

O laola melao se khotsofatsoe ke meaho le mehaho: kaho, tlhomamiso, tshebetso le e hlophisitsweng, botjha ha thepa. Ho ba ba nang le sepheo ba tokomane ena.

dikahare

molao oa tsamaiso Technical ka polokeho ea meaho - eteni ya molao, e leng e hlalosa minimalist, empa ditlhoko tlamang bakeng sa meaho le mehaho, hammoho le melao mabapi le tsela ea ho etsa mosebetsi oa bona ka moralo, kaho, tlhomamiso, laele, tšebeliso le felisoa.

Lenane la ditlhoko e kenyeletsa:

• phetha molao polokeho;
• mollo;
• polokeho nakong ea tsela ea botho ea tlhaho ea le thulaganyo ka liketsahalo tse sa tšoaneng tsa tlhaho le e entsoeng ke motho tshusumetso;
• polokeho ea mehaho le libaka tsa ho basebelisi ba;
• phihlelleho mehaho le tse ling tse kaho tsogelwa bakeng sa batho ba nang le bokooa;
• Energy bokgoni meaho;
• polokeho ya tshusumetso ya mesebetsing ea kaho ka tikoloho.

Technical Melawana ya meaho le mehaho e lokela ho ka ho feletseng sebediswa ho ya kenngwa tshebetsong ha mosebetsi ofe kapa ofe kaho le e hlophisitsweng,. Sena se etsa bonnete ba polokeho lebetsoeng le.

Technical melawana koloi

Sepheo ke ho bolela ka motsamao oa mofuta lebili, ka mekhahlelo e L, M, N, Uena, eo li etselitsoe bakeng sa ho khanna ka Litsela tsa tšebeliso ea sechaba, hammoho le motsamao oa la cheisi ho bolela.

Technical Melawana ya khanna ha e koahela:

• Mochini, ho palo e kahodimodimo lebelo leo e ka tlase ho 25 km SE / H.
• Ho bolela ho mokhatlo oa, eo morero oa eona ke ho sebetsa ka litsela tse tse sa sechaba.
• Mechine hore ba 'nile ba imported ho kena naheng ea meetlo libaka Tloaelehileng Space Economic bakeng sa nako ya tlaase ho likhoeli tse tšeletseng, e ikamahantse le meetlo tshwanelanang puso eo ha e fane ka monyetla oa ho kenngwe.
• Diyuniti tsa lipapaling.
• Vehicles tsa dihlopha L le M1, tse neng li e ntshitsweng bonyane lilemo tse mashome a mararo tse fetileng.
• Mechine bao e leng ka dihlopha M2, M3 le N, se ne a rerile hore ya kgwebo-mofuta mopalami le thepa lipalangoang, tlhahiso ea tse khale ea lengolo la ngaka 50 ea lilemo li 'me ba fetang. dilenaneo e lokela ho ba ea pele, hammoho le e le 'mele kapa foreime, ha e le teng.
• Vehicles ruilweng ke mekhatlo ea mebuso, kapa mebuso ea machaba, e leng, le eena, na ditokollo itseng le litokelo ho latela melao-motheo ea ka kakaretso o ile a hlokomela 'me ditlwaelo tsa litokelo interstate.

dikahare

Ditlhoko tsa melao ea tsamaiso botekgeniki tsa mofuta ona wa tshireletso, e leng:

• Thibela ho hlongoa lebili M1 le N1 sehlopha sa likarolo mehaho eo litekanyo tla ho hlakile hore ho sebetsa Vered mabapi le moleng bumper. molao ona ha o sebetse ho merero e fana ka thepa ea pele ka se lekanyetswa go ya ka, gratings tsa tšepe bekha ho fihlela ho dikgerama le makholo a mahlano, a sebelisoa e le disebediswa tse sireletsang tsa headlamps le avtoznaka taba setjhaba le lintlha tsa fixation hae.
• Thibelo tabeng ea ho sebelisa dintho ozone-depleting ka refrigeration le conditioning moea thepa bakeng sa likoloi. Ho na le ke e khethehileng amohelehang lethathamo la kotsi dintho joalo tse etsang Meetlo Union Komisi.
• E tlamang sathelaete tsamaya thepa "GLONASS" tsamaiso, mabili, tse akarelletsoang sehlopha M ne a rerile hore tšebeliso merero ea khoebo, 'me ka sehlopha N, bakeng sa ho tsamaisa ba thepa kotsi.
• thepa hlokahala botekgeniki tlhokomelo disebedisweng tse ding bakeng sa beng ba koloi hlompha melao ea mokhatlo oa tsela, mosebetsi le ho ba bang kaofela. Ditlhoko tse amanang le melao ea tsamaiso likoloi botekgeniki eo oela dihlopha tsa M2 le M3 (khoebo mopalami kariki), hammoho le N2 le N3 sehlopha (khoebo thepa lipalangoang).
• Russia segokanyimmediamentsi sa sebolokigolo tse ngata tsa lisebelisoa tse ho sebetsa e le sehokelo lipakeng tsa mosebedisi le mofuta oa tsamaiso ea lintho tsa elektronike, ho fana ka baeti ba fihlelang ho ya data tse bonwang le lentsoe, 'me Hlophisa litaelo mokhanni.
• Koloi moralo lokela netefatsa tshebetso e sebetsang hantle ya braking le tsamaisoa, ho fana ka ho sebetsana le bona e babatsehang le botsitso tshebetso e phahameng, polokeho mollo, e hlahloba ka holim'a sepakapaka bakeng sa motho ka mor'a khanna, polokeho ea motlakase, baballa matla, homolog lefelo la sehlopha taolo. Ho phaella moo, mochine o lokela ho etselitsoeng ho tsela eo ka eona tabeng ea ho hlaheloa ke kotsi e sithabetsang tshusumetso ka occupants ea koloi ba ile ba fokotsa e le lintho tse ngata kamoo ho ka khonehang, 'me monyetla oa ho e tshebetso sebakeng seo - habonolo.

Hore a latele melao ea tsamaiso botekgeniki tla fana ka e mong le e lebili moetsi koloi eo lihlahisoa oela limmarakeng tsa linaha tse karolo ea Soviet Meetlo.

Mollo Melawana Safety

Tokomane ena e molao boemo ba, ho ke melao ea tsamaiso botekgeniki tšimong ea polokeho mollo.

Le melao ea tsamaiso hlalosa melao-motheo ea polokeho mollo, go gorosa tsamaiso ea tlhophiso le terminologicos tšimong ena.

Sepheo melao botekgeniki kenyeletsa: mehaho, mehaho e, mesebetsing ea kaho ea khoebo, mollo le tlhahiso ea botekgeniki, thepa le bakeng sa ho sebelisoa ea sechaba.

dikahare

Mollo botekgeniki melawana beha pele ditlhoko itseng ho beha dintho tsa botho ba indasteri, mollo le disebediswa tse botekgeniki, lihlahisoa bakeng sa ho sebelisoa ea sechaba.

The dikahare tsa tokomane e fumaneha le litaelo ho ea ka mokhoa o sa lumellana tsa tekolo tse lintho, e leng tlasa melao ea tsamaiso tšireletso le polokeho tšimong ea mollo.

Le melao ea tsamaiso ea Soviet Meetlo

Ka Federation ea Russia, Belarus le Kazakhstan lirephabliki bōptjoa tsamaiso momahaneng taolong botekgeniki. Kamohelo ea melao ea tsamaiso e joalo e kopanela Soviet Komisi Meetlo. Mora tokomane e kena e le hantle, melao-motheo ea ea sechaba ba lahleheloa ke bohlokoa tsa bona le phello. Technical Melawana ya Soviet Meetlo - e sebetsang sebakeng sa hae, e leng o tšimong ea linaheng tse tharo. Ho bonolo haholo ho tloha ntlha ya moruo ya pono.

Ho na le lethathamo le 'ngoe ea lihlahisoa mabapi le e leng e ba bōptjoa le ho hlomamisa melawana botekgeniki ea Soviet Meetlo. Joalo lethathamo e kenyeletsa:

• likoloi le mechine e;
• thepa tlase gagamalo;
• Phahameng-gagamalo sesebediswa;
• diyuniti tsa tshebetso nepahetse hlokang gaseous mofuta mafura;
• disebedisweng tse sebetsang tlas'a khatello ka palo feteletseng;
• lijana tse sebetsang tlas'a khatello;
• thepa ya mosebetsi sepakapakeng phatloha;
• thepa qabola;
• elevators;
• lipalangoang bolela tsa ho fallela ka mabili-mofuta;
• literekere;
• mechine e bakeng sa mosebetsi oa temo;
• Thepa bakeng sa meru;
• mabili;
• phethola lipalangoang setokong sa terene;
• phethola setokong terene;
• khanya seporo likoloi, trams;
• mefuta ya ho tsamaisa likepe e name ho;
• Malomerki-lekhotla;
• metsi ho tsamaisa mofuta hare;
• mohaho ona o;
• thepa ea ho haha;
• tsa dibopeho tsa motheo tsa ho tsamaisa sa terene le ka tlas'a lefatše;
• tseleng e khōlō;
• pyrotechnics;
• liqhomane ;
• lihlahisoa tsa indasteri khanya;
• toys;
• lihlahisoa tsa bana ba banyenyane ba le bana ba lilemong tsa bocha;
• Products bakeng sa tlhokomelo ea bana ba sa;
• glassware;
• litlolo tse nkhang hamonate le lihlahisoa botle;
• molomo lihlahisoa bohloeki;
• paka lik'hontheinara;
• ho bolela ho sireletsa motho ka mong;
• thepa bakeng sa polokeho mollo;
• disebedisweng tse ding tsa bongaka;
• tlhahiso ea bohloeki le botekgeniki;
• thepa ea ka tlung lihlahisoa;
• lihlahisoa tsa indasteri lik'hemik'hale le;
• detergents hlahang ho yona maiketsetso;
• ba ntlo ea lik'hemik'hale;
• solvents le lacquer dintho;
• manyolo;
• dintho bakeng sa ho sireletsa limela;
• Peterole mafura, disele, mafura bakeng sa likepe arabelang dienjini bohato, oli sebōpi mofuta;
• lubricants;
• limithara tse metsi (limithara tse metsi), khase, mocheso, motlakase;
• sesebediswa boikarabello bakeng sa khauta e ntšo, e hloekisitsoeng lihlahisoa tsa oli e tala;
• lijo dihlahiswa;
• joala;
• fepa le additives;
• lihlahisoa ea lijo-thollo;
• lihlahisoa koae;
• Sebetsa bapale lipapali kapa ho tsoma eang teng, mahlaahlela ho lona;
• disebedisweng tse ding puisano;
• lihlahisoa mashala le mashala foromo lona purest.

Melao ea setsebi mabapi le polokeho ea lihlahisoa tsa mofuta o mong o na le litlhoko tsa mantlha tseo bareki bohle ba Russia, Republic of Belarus le Kazakhstan ba lokelang ho li latela. Ho seng joalo, thepa ea bona e ke ke ea kena 'marakeng. Lihlahisoa, hammoho le mekhoa e amanang le tlhahiso ea eona, e tlameha ho lumellana ka ho hlaka le seaparo sa junifomo-epidemiological, hygienic, likokoana-hloko le lintho tse ling tsa bohlokoa. Ho phaella moo, lihlahisoa tse kenyelletsoeng lethathamong le kopaneng li tlameha ho etsa lipatlisiso tse khethehileng, tse tla netefatsa ts'ireletso ea eona le ho lumellana le litlhoko tsohle.