Phoofolo ecology naga e: metheo e, mefuta e, mathata

Phoofolo ecology naga e - ke ho ithuta saense ea kamano pakeng tsa liphoofolo, limela le lintho tse ling, hammoho le ka tikoloho ya bona. Lihlooho ka sehloohong ke boitšoaro bo sa, ho ja mekhoeng, mekhoa ea ho falla, maemo a phelang le interspecies likamano tsa batho. Environmentalists ba leke ho utloisisa hore na ke hobane'ng mefuta e meng ke khona ho phela ka batlang e le ka khotso le e mong le e tse ling tse ka tikoloho e tšoanang.

Ekolotsi ka boela tsepamisa maikutlo mesebetsi ea boitšoaro ba batho. Morero le morero liketso tsa batho ba ka 'na ba le molemo kapa e kotsi phello tikoloho. dihlooho Major kenyeletsa litšila kotsi, ho timetsoa ha mefuta e, ho fetoha ha tšebeliso ea mobu le tšilafalo.

Metheo e ya diphoofolo ecology naga e: lintho tse phelang tikolohong

Lintho tse phelang tikolohong li e kgolo karolo ea tikoloho ka kakaretso ho ithuta, eo kenyelletsa ditokiseletso itšoara liphoofolo, limela le microorganisms le tikoloho ea bona e itseng 'meleng area. Ba atisa ho oela dihlopha tse tharo: metsi, naha le libaka tse mongobo. Mehlala ea lintho tse phelang tikolohong li akarelletsa ea lehoatata, moru, Prairie, tundra, mopopotlo likorale le e chesang e mongobo steppe moru, ho boetse ho na lintho tse phelang tikolohong tsa litoropo, tse haholo-holo ka leo ho ahiloeng ho ke batho. thuto ea bona ke ea bohlokoa bakeng sa kutloisiso ea kamoo ekolotsi tsa lefatše phoofolo ka kakaretso.

ekolotsi ke eng?

Ekolotsi - ho ithuta likamano pakeng tsa lintho tse phelang, ho akarelletsa le batho le tikoloho ea bona ea nama. saense e ena li batla ho utloisisa kamano ea bohlokoa pakeng tsa limela le liphoofolo li le lefatšeng ka bophara ba. Ekolotsi ea limela le liphoofolo e boetse e na le tlhahisoleseding ka melemo ea lintho tse phelang tikolohong le hore na re ka sebelisa maruo a lefatše, e le hore ho boloka tikoloho e ka bophelo bo botle bakeng sa meloko e tlang.
Re ithuta likamano tsa pakeng tsa lintho tse phelang le habitats bona ka sekala fapaneng: ho tswa ho thutong ea libaktheria tse nyenyane ho hōla aquarium, ho sebelisana e rarahaneng pakeng tsa likete tsa limela, liphoofolo le metseng e meng. Environmentalists ba boetse ba batlisisa bangata ba mefuta ea tikoloho: ho tswa ho likokoana-hloko phela mobu limela le liphoofolo ka rainforest kapa leoatle.

Karolo e phethoang ke ekolotsi bophelong ba rōna

Batho ba bangata ba ikhethang naheng ea ekolotsi, tse kang metsing, semela le ekolotsi dipalopalo, re fa lesedi ho utloisisa hantle hore na lefatše le re potolohileng. Tlhahisoleseding ena ka boela re thusa ho ntlafatsa tikoloho eo re, ho laola matlotlo a rōna tsa tlhaho le ho sireletsa bophelo ba batho. Ka mehlala e latelang e bontša tse ling tsa litsela tseo ka tsona tsebo ea tikoloho li bile le phello e ntle bophelong ba rōna feela.

Ekolotsi, kapa saense ea tlholeho - ke ea lekala ea baeloji hore o ithuta ka kamano ea limela le liphoofolo le tikoloho ea bona ea nama le tsa likokoana-hloko. Tikoloho 'meleng ho kenyeletsa leseli le mocheso, mahlaseli a letsatsi, mongobo, moea, oksijene, carbon dioxide, limatlafatsi mobung, metsi le sepakapakeng. Tikoloho tsa likokoana-hloko e akarelletsa lintho tse sa mefuta e tšoanang, hammoho le limela le mefuta e meng e.

E 'ngoe ea saense e Newest le histori ea nako e telele

Phoofolo ecology naga e ke e 'ngoe ea Newest of Sciences, a lebisa tlhokomelo ho se neng se huloa ka halofo ea bobeli ea lekholo la bo20 la lilemo, le hoja baahi ba ka ho ithuta le ho habitats ba bona ba ne ba kopanela e telele pele ho sena. Ka mohlala, thaka ea Aristotle, rafilosofi oa Segerike Theophrastus o ile a hlalosa kamano e pakeng tsa liphoofolo bona le batho ba ba potolohileng ba ka ea bone lekholong la lilemo la BC. e.

sebakeng sena ba ile ba qala ho ntshetsa pele ka phatlalatso ka 1850 ke Charles Darwin la hae "Tšimoloho ea Mefuta" le mesebetsi ea hae ea phetseng mehleng le mohalitsong Alfred Russel Wallace. bobeli e ne e nkoa e le ea amagana oa phoofolo le limela mefuta e le khomo khomo bona ka baahi e phelang kapa biocenoses. Ka 1875, e Austria jioloji Eduard Zyuss sisintsweng lentsoe biosphere ho koahela maemo a fapaneng, eo kenya letsoho hore ho ba teng ha bophelo Lefatšeng.

The melao-motheo ea ekolotsi

Molao-motheo o ka sehloohong oa ekolotsi ke hore e mong le e phelang phelang o na le kamehla le kamehla ho kopana le setho leha e le efe hore ke karolo tikoloho ea eona. Lintho tse phelang tikolohong li ka hlalosoa e le boemong bo moo ho na le sebelisana pakeng tsa lintho tse phelang le tikoloho ea bona. Ka hare ho meeli ea eona mefuta e amahanngoa le liketane lijo le webs lijo. Matla a tsoang ho letsatsi hapa bahlahisi mathomo (dimela) ka tala, susumelletsa ho fihlela letoto la basebelisi ba mathomo (herbivores), lateloa ke se mahareng le phahameng bareki (carnivores, kapa tse jang). tshebetso e boetse e akarelletsa decomposers (li-fungus 'me libaktheria li), e bola limatlafatsi' me ba khutlele ba khutlisetsa ka lintho tse phelang tikolohong eo.

mathata a tikoloho

Maqakabetsi a tikoloho ka 'na la hlaha ha tikoloho fetola e le hore e ba le sa thabiseng bakeng sa ho pholoha. mathata a phoofolo ecology naga e ka amahanngoa le ho fetoha ha tlelaemete (mocheso keketseho e kapa fokotseha ka pula), phoso batho (oli spills), se e eketsehile mosebetsi oa libatana, fokotsa basebetsi kapa, ho fapana le hoo, ho hōla ka potlako ea baahi ba 'me ka hona ba sitoa ho boloka lintho tse phelang tikolohong ea bona. Dilemong tse makholo a lilemo tse seng kae fetileng, mesebetsi ea batho e ka ho teba ameha tikoloho. Ka ho qhekella meru, libakeng tse ncha temo, kaho ea meaho le litsela e boetse e thusa ho tšilafalo ea lintho tse phelang tikolohong.

ekolotsi Forums

Latelang mefuta ya diphoofolo ecology naga e:

• Fisioloji (boitshwaro), ho ithuta dithulaganyo motho ea tlwaetsa ho tikoloho.
• Population ithuta dipharologanyo ea baahi ba mefuta kapa lihlopha tsa batho ba mefuta e (mohlala, liphoofolo, semela kapa likokoanyana ekolotsi) e.
• ekolotsi Community e bua haholo ka dirisana pakeng tsa mefuta e ka hare ho baahi tlholeho.
• Lintho tse phelang tikolohong ekolotsi, eo o ithuta phallo ea matla le lintho tse ka metsoako ea lintho tse phelang tikolohong.

Mabapi le tikoloho ka kakaretso, ho ke ke tse ka thōko e le naha, e leng e bua haholo ka dithulaganyo le likamano tsa lintho tse phelang tikolohong 'maloa kapa kgolo haholo libakeng hahlaula (mohlala, Arctic, Polar, leoatle,' me joalo-joalo. D.), And tikoloho motho.

Tšusumetso ka liphoofolo

Ekolotsi (ho tloha oikos Segerike - ntlo le logos le - tsebo) - ke ho ithuta saense ea kamoo lintho tse phelang li sebelisana le e mong le e meng 'me le tikoloho e khahlang ea bona ea tlhaho. O ile a nahana ka likamano tsa rarahaneng le tse fapa-fapaneng le lintlha tse sa tšoaneng tsa pono. Ithutile dithulaganyo fisioloji ke mocheso taolo, phepo e nepahetseng le metabolism. Lintlha tse amang liphoofolo ka kenyelletsa lefu, ho fetoha ha tlelaemete le litla nang le chefo e.

Ekolotsi - ke ho ithuta saense tsa kabo, hongata haholo le likamano tsa lintho tse phelang le ho sebelisana ea bona le tikoloho. Re ithuta tsohle ho tswa ho phetha karolo ea libaktheria tse nyenyane ka botjha ha thepa phepo ho liphello tsa meru tropike sepakapakeng ho Lefatše. Phoofolo ecology naga e haufi-ufi amanang le physiology, ho iphetola ha lintho, liphatsa tsa lefutso.

Selemo le selemo, batho ba makholo ba lefatše la dimela nyamela, ho thata ho nahana predstvavit kamoo a rata maemo ho ka ba bothata bakeng sa moloko oa batho. The liphoofolo e ikhethang, 'me liphoofolo tse karolo ea bohlokoa ea tikoloho, ha ba ntse ba laola palo ea dimela e tlatsetsang ho ho ata ha peō, litholoana, dipeo, ke karolo ea bohlokoa ea ketane ea phepelo, li phetha karolo ea bohlokoa ka sebōpeho sa mobu sebopeho sa naha.

kutlwisiso tlhaloganyong tsa ekolotsi

Joaloka saense e ngata, kutloisiso tlhaloganyong tsa ekolotsi ama lintlha tse pharaletseng tsa ho ithuta, ho akarelletsa le:

• Bophelo tšebetso hlalosa dikamohelo.
• Kabo le e ngata ea lintho tse.
• Motsamao oa taba le matla ka ho baahi phelang.
• Tsoela pele ntshetsopele ya lintho tse phelang tikolohong.
• Hongata haholo le kabo ea mefuta-futa ena ka moelelo oa tikoloho.

Ekolotsi e fapaneng ho tloha histori tsa tlhaho, tse ke haholo-holo a amehile ka ho ithuta hlalosang tsa lintho tse phelang. Sena potlana-taeo ea baeloji, e leng ho ithuta ea bophelo.

ho sireletsa liphoofolo tse

Phoofolo ecology naga e - e saense e interdisciplinary, eo ho ile ha thehoa ka mateano ea bophelo ba liphoofolo, ekolotsi le jeokrafi. O ile a ithuta ka bophelo ba mefuta e sa tšoaneng ea liphoofolo, ho itšetlehile ka tikoloho. Ho tloha ka liphoofolo e le karolo ea lintho tse phelang tikolohong eo, ba ile ba ba le ea bohlokoa haholo bakeng sa ho boloka bophelo ba ka lefatšeng. Ba 'nile ba namela likhutlong tsohle tsa lefatše: ba phela ka meru le mahoatateng, prairies le ka metsi a Arctic, tse fofang moeeng,' me pata ka tlaase ho mobu.

potso ea bohlokoa ka ho ekolotsi - sireletsa liphoofolo. lintlha tse ngata tse lebisang ho liphetoho ka mefuta-futa e mefuta e ka sekala fapaneng. Ka mohlala, ba bang ba tse jang e ka ba kotsi ho mefuta e sa motho ka mong, ho ba teng ha bona ka tsela e atlehang ho fokotsa kapa ho eketsa palo ea mefuta e teng sechabeng. Paballo ea baeloji e ikemiseditse ho utloisisa mabaka a hore predispose ho pheliso ea mefuta e, 'me eo batho ba ka se etsang ho thibela disappearances.

ho kenella ha batho

The mathata a tikoloho tse amang e seng feela batho empa hape liphoofolo tse kenyeletsa moea le tšilafalo ea metsi, mobu le litšila, acid e pula. ho senngoa ha meru, drainage ba libaka tse mongobo, noka alterations etsa hore ha e le hantle hore thupeng tikoloho eohle. lintho tse phelang lokela ho ikamahanya ka potlako ho fetola maemo, ho fetola ba sehlekehleke sena, 'me hase bohle ba ka sebetsana ka katleho le ho katleho. Phello - phokotseho kapa ho fela ka ho feletseng baahi. Pets ke haholo itšetlehile ka boemo le tikoloho mabaka a. Senyang kenella batho ka lintho tsa tlhaho ka senya mefuta e mengata le mefuta e meng ea bophelo ba liphoofolo ka ntle ho monyetla ho hlaphoheloa bona.