Petersburg Academy of Arts: histori, bathehi, barutehi

Mokhabiso oa e mong oa St. Petersburg embankments ke mohaho, e lebetsoe ke tse peli tse ba bang kaofela khafrae, a tlisa hang ho tloha hōle Egepeta. Ka e beha Petersburg Academy of Arts, e bitsoang kajeno ke Mokhatlo oa Painting, litsoantso tse betliloeng le Architecture. E nkoa e le belehoa tsa bonono Russia, o na le botumo bo hlahelletseng ka ho fetisisa lefatšeng ka bophara.

Tsoalo ea Academy

Academy ea Fine Arts a St. Petersburg e thehiloe ke li ratang tsa Empress Elizabeth, o ne a hlaheletse Russia statesman le mosireletsi ea XVIII lekholong la lilemo la Ivan Ivanovich Shuvalov (1727-1797). Photo bontšang sefuba hae fanoa sehloohong se. O ne e le ea hore seoelo ka linako tsohle, le sehlopha sa batho ba neng ba leka ho sebelisa boemo ba hae bo phahameng le leruo ho molemo oa Russia. Ho ba ka 1755 mothehi oa University Moscow, apere matsatsing ana lebitso University, lilemo tse peli hamorao, o ile a nka bohato ba ho bopa le mokgatlo thuto etselitsoeng ho koetlisa baetsi ba litšoantšo ba ka bonono ka sehloohong.

Petersburg Academy of Arts, eo e teng qalong ka tlung ea hae ka Sadovaya Street, o ile a qala mosebetsi oa ka 1758. Boholo ba ditjhelete ho fanoe ho tloha chelete ea botho Shuvalov e le polokelo ea matlotlo bakeng sa dikahare lona lekaneng palo e abetswe. A philanthropist seatla se bulehileng, e seng feela bakeng sa chelete o ile a laela ho tloha naheng e 'ngoe, matichere a molemo ka ho fetisisa, empa o ne a boetse a fana ka Academy a ba bōpa e le pokello ea litšoantšo tsa ho eena, beha ka tsela eo e le qalo ea popo ea musiamo le laebraring.

The moreketoro wa pele ya Academy

Ho tswa ho nako ea pele ea buuoa Academy of Arts, hammoho le ho haha mohaho lona jwale amanang le lebitso la motho e mong ea ileng a tloha e le letšoao bohlokoa historing ea setso Serussia. Sena ke e ikhethang Russia meralo Alexander Filippovich Kokorinov (1726-1772). Ntshetswa pele ka kopanelo le Professor JB Vallenom M. de Mothe morerong oa kaho, oo ho oona Academy tloha matlong Shuvalov, o ile a mo nka ka boemo ba mookameli, ka nako eo e leng moprofesa le nna mookamedi wa. Maemo a ho lefu la hae se ile sa hlahisa e mong oa litšōmo tse ngata tsa St. Petersburg, e tsejoang e le "Phantom tsa Academy ea Fine Arts." 'nete ea hore data ho tswa ho moreketoro wa khamphase pholoha tsa Academy, a shoa ha ka lebaka la lefu le metsi, joalokaha ho bontšitsoe ka pale ea mofu semmuso, le ho fanyeha ka kamoreng e tlas'a marulelo a hae.

bakang khoneha a ipolaea ba bitsoa ba babeli. Ho ea ka phetolelo ea e mong, lebaka e ne e le unsubstantiated liqoso tsa embezzling thepa boemo-o ne a ena, ke hore ho bola. Hobane mehleng eo ho ne ho nkoa hore ho feta ho hlajoa ke lihlong le nyeliso, le hunologile Alexander Filippovich hlōleha, o ile a khetha ho shoa. Ka tlhahiso e mong ya tshusumetso ya mohato o ile a sebeletsa ena u nyatse ka matla a ne a ka amohela ho Empress Catherine II, o ile a etela ho haha akademi le fumana mose ditshila ka qetang ho penta leboteng. Ho tloha ka nako eo ho bolela hore ho ipolaea shaoara ntle ho e lule Vyshny lefatše, ahlotsoeng ka ho sa feleng ho lelera a ne a bōpa hang marako. potreite hae e fanoa ka sehlooho se reng.

Basali kenyelelitsoe histori Academy ea

Ka mehla ea Catherine pele mosali academician tsa Petersburg Academy of Arts. O ile a ile ea e-ba seithuti se sa French moseti Etena Falkone - Marie-Anna kollo omo, bōpa hammoho le tichere ea hae, e tummeng "Bronze kalletseng". E ne e le o neng ba etsa hlooho ea morena, e ileng ea fetoha e 'ngoe ea ka litsoantso la hae ho fetisisa sculptural.

Hlompha mosebetsi oa hae Empress o ile a laela hore a khethe Collot bophelong penshene me a le abele ka boemo bo jwalo e phahameng. Ho sa le joalo, ba 'maloa ba bafuputsi ba mehleng ea kajeno ke ha ka maikutlo a hore ho fapana le phetolelo ea tiisitsoeng Marie-Anna kollo omo - mosali academician tsa Petersburg Academy of Arts, ke mongoli ha a sa feela e le hlooho, "The Bronze kalletseng", empa palo eohle ea morena, ha tichere ea hae e se betliloeng pere. Leha ho le joalo, sena ha se detract tloha lokeloe hae.

Ka e ntse e feta, re lokela ho hlokomela hore ea phahameng le kakgolo sehlooho e sebelelitseng ka Russia qetellong ea lilemo tsa bo-XVIII, moetsi oa litšoantšo seng, ba ileng ba tla ba tsoa Fora 'me e mong oa molemo ka ho fetisisa potreite painters ba mehleng ea hae - Vigee Lebrun. Academician tsa Petersburg Academy of Arts - e le sehlooho, e leng e fuoa feela ba fumaneng mangolo. Lebrun ka se amohela se ka tlase e khōlō sehlooho oa oa kakgolo tsa goal goal, tse neng li fuoa ka nako e baetsi ba litšoantšo ba hlaheletseng ba ileng ba rutehileng linaheng tse ling.

Ka taelo ea ho fana ka koetliso fumaneng lilemong tsa bo-XVIII

Petersburg Academy of Arts kaha thehoa feela lona e phetha karolo ea bohlokoa ka ntshetsopele ya setso Serussia. Taba eo, e tebile hakae ile kenngoa ka mosebetsi oa hae o ka 'na ba e bontsha gore go ya ha e le hantle hore lilemong tsa bo-XVIII, koetliso eo e ile ea nka bakeng sa lilemo tse leshome le metso e mehlano,' me liithuti li molemo ka ho fetisisa ba ile ba romeloa ka litšenyehelo tsa setjhaba bakeng sa internship e linaheng tse ling. Har'a lihlooho tse ba bonono, o ile a ithuta ka akademi ba ne ba penta, kotokaka, litsoantso tse betliloeng le mehaho.

Tsela eohle ea ho ithuta, eo e fana ka baithuti lona le Academy of Arts, e ile ea aroloa litlelase tse hlano, kapa likarolo tse, oo bone le ea bohlano e ne e le tlaase-tlaase 'me li ne li bitsoa sekolong sa thuto. Ba ile ba amohela bashanyana ba 'nileng ba fihla lilemong tse hlano tse tšeletseng tsa lilemo, moo ba ileng ba ithuta ho bala le ho fumana tsebo e tsa motheo, ba kopanela mekhabiso ho penta le ho kopitsa litšoantšo loketse. Ka mong le e mong tsena tse peli ho fana ka koetliso e ile ea nka lilemo tse tharo tsa sekolo sa mathomo. Kahoo, tsela e sekolong sa thuto e ile ea nka lilemo tse tšeletseng.

Dikarolo tsa ho tswa ho boraro ho ea pele e ne e le e phahameng, ba ne ba nkoa e le hantle, Academy of Arts. Ba baithuti ba, neng le koetlisitsoeng e le sehlopha, arotsoe ka litlelase latela nakong e tlang ee rileng - ho penta, fatiloeng, litsoantso tse betliloeng kapa mehaho. Ka e mong le e dikarolo tsa tsena tse tharo e phahameng ithuta ka lilemo tse tharo, sephetho ka kotloloho ka koetliso Academy e ile ea nka lilemo tse robong, 'me ka lilemo tse tšeletseng o ile a qeta ka sekolong sa thuto, e ne e le lilemo li leshome le metso e mehlano. Feela haholo hamorao, lilemong tsa bo XIX, ka mor'a 1843 koaloa sekolong sa thuto, nako fuoa koetliso e haholo fokotseha.

laea tse ling

Academy ea Fine Arts a St. Petersburg, ho ea mohlala ba tšoanang diinstitusene tsa European e lokolloa marako a oona a ha feela ipabolang koetlisitsoeng ditsebi masimong tse sa tšoaneng tsa bonono, empa batho le bona haholo ba rutehileng. Ntle le laea mantlha ka curriculum e boetse e akarelletsa lipuo lisele, histori, jeokrafi, litšōmo le esita le bolepi ba linaleli.

Lekholong la ntjha

Petersburg Academy of Arts a lekholo la bo19 la lilemo a ntshetsopeleng lona ka ho eketsehileng. Ea ileng a etella Russia hae ruileng mosireletsi Count Aleksandr Sergeevich Stroganov tshwerweng letoto la liphetoho, e ile ea fella ka ho tsosolosoeng li bōpiloe le litlelase khau, hammoho le maemo a itseng a ile a lumela ho ho ithuta qhobosheane. E sethaleng bohlokoa bophelong ba Academy ea nako eo e ne e ba pele ba phetiso lona ho Lekala la Thuto National, 'me joale - Boboleling tsa Imperial Lekhotla le. Ena e tlatselitse haholo ho fumana dithuso tsa ditjhelete tse eketsehileng 'me o ile a lumella ba fumaneng mangolo ho feta ho ea linaheng tse ling.

Ka matla a classicism

Hoo e ka bang ho pholletsa le XIX lekholong la feela bonono setaele, o ile a hlokomela ka ho akademi, o ne a Classicism. Ka lintho tse tlang pele ea ho ruta ka nako eo o ne a susumetsoa haholo ke seo ho thoeng ke sehlopha se busang sa mefutakwalo - amohetsweng ke Paris Academy ea Fine Arts ea tsamaiso ea makala mefutakwalo ea bonono e metle ho latela bohlokoa ba tsona, tse khōlō tsa eo ho nkoa e le ho penta ea histori. Molao-motheo ona le teng ho fihlela qetellong ea lekholo la lilemo la XIX.

Tumellanong le sena, liithuti ile ka tlameha ho hlalosa ka litaba tse nkiloeng Mangolong kapa ho tswa ho mesebetsi ea bangodi ba boholo-holo - .. Homer, Ovid, Theocritus, joalo-joalo Old Russia sehlooho hape lumelloa, empa feela ka taba e potolohileng ea mesebetsi ea histori Lomonosov le Shcherbatov le le Synopsys - pokello ea mesebetsi ka ho chroniclers boholo-holo. Ka lebaka la classicism, ba neng ba ruta e St. Petersburg Imperial Academy of Arts, hona joang kapa joang le felle ho ya bokgabane sa liithuti tsa qobella hore e ka bataletseng moqotetsane tsa dogmas moribund.

Artists marabele tlotlisitsoeng Russia bonono

Ho lokolloa butle-butle ho tloha canons thehilwe o ile a qala le taba ea hore ka November ka1863, 14 of liithuti fetisisa talente kenyelelitsoe palo ea barupeluoa ba ka Tlholisanong bakeng sa khau ea khauta, o ile a hana ho hlalosa ba ka 'momori oa filoeng litšōmo Norse, ba batla le tokelo ya ho khetha sehlooho sa. E bile a hana, ba ile ba demonstratively tlohetse akademi, hlophisitse baahi, eo e ile ea fetoha motheo oa e 'ngoe hamorao tummeng Mokhatlo oa ba tsamaeang Art Exhibitions. ketsahalo ena o ile a theohela ka histori ea bonono Russia ka bofetoheli ba metso e mene.

Alumni le academicians tsa St. Petersburg Academy of Arts ne joalo painters tummeng ka MA Vrubel, V. A. Serov, V. I. Surikov, VD Polenov, VM Vasnetsov, 'me ba bang ba bangata. Ka phefumoloho e tšoanang le bona ba lokela ho boela ho boletsoe, le galaxy mesuoe bohlale, har'a bona V. E. Makovsky, I. I. Shishkin, A. I. Kuindzhi le I. E. Repin.

Academy ea XX lekholong la lilemo la

Petersburg Academy of Arts a tsoela pele mesebetsi lona ho fihlela ho ka October 1917 'muso o phethotsoe d'état. Ka hare ho likhoeli tse tšeletseng ka mor'a hore ho Bolsheviks tlile qeto matleng a CPC e ile ea felisoa, 'me botlaaseng lona li ne li hloma le nako le nako ho fetola mabitso a bona likolong tse fapa-fapaneng bonono, tse reretsoeng ho lokisa benghali mocha oa bonono mososhaliste. Ka 1944, ho ile ha kenngoa ka marako oa Mokhatlo oa Painting, litsoantso tse betliloeng le Architecture e ile ea rehelloa I. E. Repina, eo a rwala ditlhako tsa ho fihlela letsatsing lena. Ba Itlhahisa ka bathehi ba Academy of Arts - Chamberlain tsa Imperial Court I. I. Shuvalov le e ikhethang Russia meralo A. F. Kokorinov, ka ho sa feleng a kena histori ea bonono Serussia.