Occupational melao-motheo ea polokeho oona tsamaisong

Ba bang ba tse tsekoang senotlolo ho nkoa bakeng sa thuto ea sehlooho e reng:

- bophelo bo botle le polokeho, e leng tokomane sebakeng sena ke motheo ke eng?

- ke boemo tekanyetso efe le qualifier melao, seo ke boemo ba litokomane tsee?

- Ha e le tsamaiso ea mosebetsi o boima ya tshireletso e bonahatsoa ke melao-motheo ea tsee?

Mosebetsi o boima Code ea Russia, hantlentle ho feta, khaolo ea hae ea leshome, o laola mosebetsi o boima le hlahella ka lebaka la kamano ea bona le basebetsi le mohiri oa naheng ea polokeho mosebetsing. Article 209 tsa molao ona, li ile tsa amohela ka 2001, ke tlhaloso ea polokeho mosebetsing e le tsamaiso ea ka litekanyo, a ho akarelletsa le molao, tsosoloso, bohloeki, ea sechaba, ea mokhatlo o hlophisitsoeng, moruo, botekgeniki le e thibelang e ka likarolo tse, e leng sa ho pholosa sepheo (ka tshebetso ya melato) bophelo bo botle le bophelo ba mokhatlo o hlophisitsoeng. Ke hore, karolong ena ea Basebetsi Code ngotsweng molao-motheo tsa motheo tsa likamano tsa mosebetsi o boima 'me molao.

mosebetsi o boima oona tsamaisong ya tshireletso, ka hlakoreng le leng, ho na le mefuta e fapaneng ya ditokomane molao le taolo. Ba laola bohloeki, ea sechaba, ea moruo, botekgeniki, mokhatlo o hlophisitsoeng le e thibelang e ka mehato e, ho bolela botekgeniki le mekhoa eo ba reretsoe ho netefatsa polokeho ya mohiruoa mokhatlo o hlophisitsoeng oa maemo a ho sebetsa. Bakeng sa kgokagano bona pakeng tsa tsamaiso tse tsoetseng pele litekanyetso tsa mosebetsi o boima polokeho Occupational Maemo Safety. metsoako kaofela sepheo lona ho netefatsa polokeho, na kajeno boemo ba interstate (GOST bakeng sa linaha tsa CIS) kapa boemo (GOST R - Russia e) maemo a amohelehileng. Ba ba khetholloa (kapa ka mor'a GOST GOST P) boleng ba 12 ho ea ho ntlha.

Ka naha ea Soviet Union le bona ba ile tsamaiso ya melao-motheo ea mosebetsi o boima polokeho ka khoutu alphanumeric "Standard 12", eo hona joale e lule e lebotho la semolao ka naha ea linaheng tse 12 CIS (bohle ba kileng lirephabliki tsa Soviet Union haese Baltic). Ka mor'a hore sebopeho sa e re ikemetseng ka ntshetsopele ya IGU o lumelloa ho ba le litekanyetso tsa hae ea sechaba (bakeng sa naha ya rona - ke GOST R), e leng lokela ho hakaalo lumellana mabapi le baeti interstate. Ka makhetlo a Soviet Union ho ne ho e qualifier litekanyetso tsohle le dikhoutu alphanumeric (boholo ba litokomane khetholloa ka likarolo tse tšoauoa la bo19 la lilemo Russia alfabeta). Ho tloha ka October 2000, o ne a nkeloa sebaka ke All-Russia qualifier litekanyetso, e hahiloeng ka International Standard Classification ISO.

Haeba ka linako tse ling tsa Soviet Union, baeti bohle tla atleha masimong tsona, Molao № 184-FZ lokisetsa qobelloang phetha melao ea tsamaiso botekgeniki le maemo boemo ka September selemong se fetileng e sebelisoa ka boithaopo. Leha ho le joalo, molao ona, joalokaha ho boletsoe temaneng ea 4 ea Article 1 ha laola likamano tsa molao litabeng tse amanang le polokeho mosebetsing. Ka hona, melao-motheo ea naha, e akarelletsang ho tsamaiso ea melao-motheo ea mosebetsi o boima polokeho li har'a tse khōlō liketso normative molao, tse ngotsweng ditlhoko tsa mmuso tšimong ea polokeho mosebetsing le tsa bophelo bo botle. E mong le e ba bona ba o ikemiseditse ho fana ka e tiisa ngotsweng Molaong Articles 7 le 37 ya Molao wa Motheo.

Tsamaiso eohle ea melao-motheo ea polokeho e arotsoe subsystems tse tsheletseng ho sebetsa (denoted ke linomoro ho tloha 0 ho 5) 'me tse tharo morao-up (6 ho 9). Ho lefela subsystem e kenyeletsa litokomane tsa mokhatlo o hlophisitsoeng le methodical tlhaho. Pele e na le melao-motheo eo ho laola ditlhoko tsa kotsi le lintlha tse kotsi tlhahiso. The subsystem bobeli beha mekhoa sireletsehileng le litsela tsa moralo, proizvodnje le tshebetso ya thepa tlhahiso, 'me ea boraro - polokeho ya dithulaganyo liindasteri. The subsystem bone e ikemiseditseng polokeho ya basebetsi ka lebaka la tšebeliso ea mokhoa oa ditekanyetos ea tšireletso. Oa bohlano e akarelletsa polokeho litekanyetso tsa meaho le dibopeho.

Ho hlōleha ho etsa lintho tumellanong le tokomane efe kapa efe, e akarelletsang mokhoa oa melao-motheo ea bophelo bo botle le polokeho (mohiri kapa mohiruoa), ke tlōlo ea Basebetsi Code ea naha.