Mefuta ea litsamaiso a moruo

Moloko oa batho o nako e telele tsejoa mefuta e fapaneng le dikai ea litsamaiso tsa moruo. Butle-butle ba thehoa tsela ea ka ntshetsopeleng e telele historing.

Classification ea litsamaiso a moruo e thehiloeng ka litekanyetso tse itseng. Matšoao atileng ka ho fetisisa bakeng sa ho eona li le hlophisitsoe:

- beng, extending mokhoa oa ho fana ka tlhahiso;

- litsela tsa ho laola mesebetsi ea khoebo.

Ka lebaka la melao-motheo ena e akarelletsa mefuta e joalo ea tsamaiso ea moruo a naha eo: taelo-tsamaiso, 'maraka, setso le e tsoakiloeng. E mong le e ba bona ba na le sebaka se tobileng ho histori. Empa eseng kaofela ha mefuta e mengata ea litsamaiso tse boletsoeng ka holimo a moruo le teng ka nako e tšoanang.

Ho joalo, nakong e fetileng e ne e busoa ke tsamaiso ea setso. Tse ling tsa makgetheng lona le kajeno li fumanoa linaheng tse ka tlaase ho moo tse tsoetseng pele. E tšoauoa ke moruo selotlolo boemong ba, liforomo tsa tlhaho tsa temo, tšebeliso e pharaletseng tsa mosebetsi pukwanana, lebaka la ho hloka tsa theknoloji e ncha, ea ho fetisisa tsa motheo tsa mofuta o mong oa mokhatlo o hlophisitsoeng oa mosebetsi o boima 'me a fana ka tlhahiso, tsa dibopeho tsa motheo le mofutsana, o oela bofutsaneng har'a baahi. Lineano le mekete e le hore ho ile ha thehoa ka lilemo tse makholo a 'maloa, boleng ba karohano ea setso le ea bolumeli ea baahi ba ka castes le strata ea sechaba - tsohle e haholo e ama le thulaganyo moruong. Tseo dinaheng tse ho fihlela joale a lula a moruo moetlo, ba tlameha ho mamella khatello ea motse-moholo oa linaheng tse ling le boemo ka tsela e feteletseng ho kenella ka kabobotjha ea chelete ea sechaba.

Market oona tsamaisong ea moruo. E tšoauoa ke predominance tsa beng poraefete matlotlo a moruo. Ho fana ka maikutlo a ho kenya letsoho bahlahisi tse ngata 'me ka hona, bareki ba lihlahisoa tsa bona. batšoantšisi yohle ya ikonomi ho na le bolokolohi ea botho le ea ho ba le bolokolohi ba ho khetha khoebo hammoho le bolokolohi ba ho kena mehlodi, ho tlhahisoleseding, ho seo a se finyeletseng la saense le theknoloji. mesebetsi e amanang le Personal - the motivator o ka sehloohong oa boitšoaro ba e mong le e mokhatlo moruo. Ka lebaka leo, e ikemetseng ho etsa liqeto, o ile a batla ho fumana matlotlo ka ho fetisisa. Empa mona 's ea ka ba le thahasello e poraefete mokhatlo a moruo tla kgona ho hlokomela ha ho, ho phaella ho lithahasello tsa bona li tla emeloang le ditabatabelo tsa setjhaba. Kabo ya mehlodi ya, matlotlo, ditheko le tse ling tse dithulaganyo macro- le microeconomic laola ka mochine 'maraka, e leng e thehiloe tlhōlisano e ntle ho tefo. mefuta e meng ea tsamaiso ea a moruo fapana haholo ho tloha lebaka la ho hloka ea bobeli. Ka sebele, tabeng ena, tlhōlisano hore ke enjene se ka sehloohong sa ntshetsopeleng moruo.

Puso tsamaisong maraka kenella dithulaganyo moruo ha e leka-lekaneng haholo le e leka-lekaneng. karolo ea lona e fela ho sireletsa beng ba poraefete tsa thepa le ho thehoa ha 'joalo ka moralo oa molao e neng e tla ba molemo ho ba ea ka tšebetso ea' marakeng. Market batšoantšisi ka ho feletseng le nosi ho nka le ho etsa liqeto a moruo, hangata beha haholo.

Jwalo maraka moruo le bolokolohi tlhōlisano e predominance teng ho fihlela 30s ea lekholo la bo20 la lilemo.

Linaheng mososhaliste tsa Asia le Europe Bochabela, Soviet Union ea mehleng ho ne ho ka taelo-tsa tsamaiso ya. Ena ke bao e seng 'maraka moruo. The busa a puso matla, monopolization le nationalization tsa moruo, taelo, thero ea thata-thata tlhahiso, kabo mohlodi, ho hloka oa tlhōlisano le sebopeho sa lefelloeng ea litheko le ea sebele likamano thepa-tjhelete - e otla lintlha tsa tsamaiso e khopo la tsamaiso-taelo.

Linaha tsa lefatše la kajeno le khona ho sebetsa ka ho lekaneng ka tsamaiso e tsoakiloeng moruo. makgetheng-holo:

- mefuta e fapaneng ya mefuta e meng ea beng;

- homolog mokhatlo oa mekhoa boemo ba molao oa tsamaiso ya moruo le mochine marakeng;

- boemo bo phahameng ba tsoelo-pele ea mabotho a behang, boteng ba tsa dibopeho tsa motheo 'maraka sechabeng.

Ka tsamaiso e tsoakiloeng a moruo kopana mefuta e fapaneng ya tsamaiso ea a moruo ka ho fetisisa ba bona.