Mefuta a mangata. Types of ditharollo le mahloriso e le

Seretse - ho na le dintho tse peli kapa ho feta boima homogeneous kapa motsoako oo boleng bo le bong ho sebeletsa e le solvent ya, 'me e mong - ka e le likaroloana sa qhibilihang ka har'a.

Ho na le likhopolo tse peli tsa ditharollo hlahang ho yona kalafo: lik'hemik'hale, e leng mothehi oa Mendeleev D. I. le 'meleng, e sisintsweng ke Jeremane le Switzerland fisiks Ostwald le Arrhenius. Ho latela tlhaloso ea Mendeleev, solvent le solute dikarolo ba barupeluoa ba ka lik'hemik'hale itsoara joang ka ho theha metsoako hloka botsitso ea likarolo tsena tšoanang kapa likaroloana.

Physical khopolo e tšoanang latolang sebelisana lik'hemik'hale pakeng tsa limolek'hule tsa lintho tse solvent le qhibiliha, a hlalosa mokhoa oa ho maro sebopeho ka junifomo kabo ya likaroloana (limolek'hule, ions) pakeng tsa likaroloana tsa solvent ho qhalana ntho e loketseng ho liketsahalo 'meleng bitsoa diffusion.

ditharollo Classification ho latela ka litekanyetso tse sa tšoaneng

Hona joale ho na le ho na tsamaiso e khopo junifomo ea ditharollo tlhophiso, Leha ho le joalo, mefuta e tlas'a maemo a sa ditharollo ka hlophisitsoe ka ka litekanyetso bohlokoa ka ho fetisisa, e leng:

Ke) Joalokaha aggregate boemo secrete: tiileng, gaseous le tharollo mokelikeli.

II) The boholo ba solute likaroloana: colloidal le 'nete.

III) Ho ea ka tekanyo e sa phatsa ea mahloriso ya dintho qhalwa ho ya ka tharollo: phelelang, unsaturated, concentrated, hlapolotsoeng.

IV) Ka matla a ho tsamaisa jwale motlakase: electrolyte le batho bao e seng electrolyte.

V) Ka morero oa ho le sebelisa ho masimo a: lik'hemik'hale, bongaka, kaho, ditharollo khethehileng, 'me ba bang.

Bopa ditharollo profinseng aggregate

ditharollo Classification tsa aggregation tsa solvent leng ka kutloisiso e sephara ea melao ea boitšoaro e telele. Ho nkoa ditharollo mokelikeli ntho (le ka solute e ka sebetsa jwalo ka e elements mokelikeli kapa tiileng), empa ho nahana ka 'nete ea hore tharollo - ya tsamaiso e khopo homogeneous tsa metsoako e' meli kapa ho feta, ke ho utloahalang ho hlokomela hape ditharollo tiileng, 'me gaseous. ditharollo tiileng e nkoa e le motsoako oa, mohlala, tšepe 'maloa, ho molemo tsebahalang colloquially ka lits'epe tse kopantsoeng ka. Gaseous mefuta ditharollo - motsoako oa likhase tse 'maloa, e le mohlala - moea ambient re, e hlahisoa e le e motsoako ea oksijene, naetrojene le carbon dioxide.

Solutions ho ea ka boholo ba likaroloana le qhibiliha

Types of ditharollo qhibiliha likaroloana boholo bo lekaneng kenyeletsa 'nete ditharollo (tloaelehileng) le tsamaiso ea colloidal. Oa 'nete ditharollo solute arohana ka ka limolek'hule tse nyenyane tse kapa liathomo ho kgakanyo boholo ba limolek'hule solvent. Ka tsela eo ba 'nete mefuta tharollo boloke ka thepa ea pele ea solvent e, ho fetola e hanyenyane feela tlas'a tšusumetso ea thepa physico-lik'hemik'hale tsa elements eketsa ho eona. EG ke dissolving letsoai ka metsing kapa tsoekere metsi lula puso o tšoanang oa ho aggregation ya tumellano e tšoanang, hoo e ka bang e 'mala o tšoanang, ho fetola feela tatso ea eona.

Colloidal ditharollo fapaneng le tloaelehileng ka hore agregar a-ka karolo e sa ka ho feletseng bole, ha ho lula re ena le limolek'hule tse rarahaneng le metsoako eo haholo feta litekanyo tsa likaroloana le solvent, feteng ya boleng ba 1 nanometer.

Types of ditharollo le mahloriso e le

Ka tsela e lekanang tsa solvent ka eketsa tjhelete e fapaneng ya solute elements, khumo ea tla ba le ditharollo le concentrations fapaneng. Re thathamisa ba ka sehloohong:

1. ditharollo satureaed ba tšoauoa ka tsela e itseng ea solubility ba ntho ea moo ba solute motsoako le tlas'a tšusumetso ea ka mocheso kamehla le ho hatelloa ke ha e sa disintegrates ka liathomo le limolek'hule, le tharollo fihla mohato equilibrium. ditharollo satureaed hape ka aroloa concentrates ka eo le karoloana boima ea likarolo qhibiliha e tšoana le solvent, 'me hlapolotsoeng moo solute ke makhetlo a' maloa ka tlase solvent.
2. Unsaturated - tseo ditharollo eo solute ntse a ka oa putlama ka likaroloana tse nyenyane tse.
3. ditharollo Supersaturated li fumana ha fetola entsprechen susumetsa lintlha (mocheso, khatello), ho fellang ka khato e tsoelang pele "sithabetsa" ntho qhibiliha, ho ba khōlō ho feta tlasa maemo a tlwaelehileng (tloaelehile).

Electrolyte le batho bao e seng electrolyte

Itseng dintho ka tharollo dissociate ka ions khona ho khanna motlakase hona joale. tsamaiso ea joalo homogeneous ba bitsoa electrolyte. sehlopha sena se akarelletsa acid, letsoai haholo. ditharollo A ntle khanna jwale motlakase, o ile a bua ka hore ke batho bao e seng electrolyte (hoo e ka bang tsohle metsoako manyolo).

Lihlopha ditharollo reretsoe

Tharollo ke ba bohlokoa haholo ho mafapha ohle a moruo, ho specifics ea eona e bōpile mefuta eno ya ditharollo khethehileng, tse kang bongaka, kaho, tsa k'hemik'hale le tsa ba bang.

Medical ditharollo - motsoako oa lithethefatsi ka mokgwa wa ditlotso, suspensions, dijusi, ditharollo tsa Infusion le ente, le mefuta e meng litekanyetso li behoa sebelisetsoa merero ya kalafi bakeng sa kalafo le thibelo ea mafu a sa tšoaneng.

Types of ditharollo lik'hemik'hale akarelletsa mengata ea metsoako homogeneous sebelisoa ka lik'hemik'hale: letsoai acid e. ditharollo tsena ka 'na ba manyolo kapa inorganic, metsi (leoatle metsi) kapa anhydrous (e thehiloeng benzene, monohalogen acetone joalo joalo. D.), Metsi (Krrish) kapa tiileng (koporo). Ba fumane kopo ea bona ho mafapha a sa tšoaneng a moruo ea sechaba: lik'hemik'hale, lijo, indasteri Textile.

Mefuta likanono fapana viscous le teteaneng tumellano, e leng na ke hobane'ng ha ho loketse ho feta sehlooho Remix.

Ka lebaka la matla a ho potlako tiee, ba ka katleho sebelisoa e le binder tsa mabota majoe, siling, ho tšehetsa dibopeho, hammoho le bakeng sa mosebetsi oa qete. Ea metsi ditharollo, hangata a mararo-motsoako (solvent samente fapaneng markings filler) eo e sebelisoa e le filler lehlabathe, letsopa, lehlohlojane, kalaka, gypsum le thepa e 'ngoe ea kaho.