Lithethefatsi Neuroprotective - ke eng? Nootropics. Litokisetso nootropic bohato

Nootropics - ke eng moriana oo? The karabo ea potso o fumana ho tswa ho sehloohong see ikokobelletsa. Ho phaella moo, u tla ithuta histori ea hlahang ho yona bona, melao-motheo ea sebetsa, thepa, ho bonahala le litla ka kopo.

Overview

lithethefatsi Neuroprotective - ke eng? lithethefatsi tsena li ka ntlafatsa boko mosebetsi, rejuvenate mele 'me ka lelefatsa bophelo. Ho neyrometabolicheskie tse susumetsang hore na le activating ama ho ithuta. Ho phaella moo, ba haholo ntlafatsa tshebetso kelello le hlooho. Poleloana e reng "nootropic" e entsoe ka mantsoe a mabeli a Segerike νους le τροπή, e bolelang "kelello" le "phetoho", ka ho latellana.

tlhaloso

bohato nootropic ea lithethefatsi u se ke ua ba le sehlopha sa ka tlhophiso ea lithethefatsi ea meriana. Ke ka lebaka leo ba 'nile ba ho kopantswe le tse susumetsang le ba ne ba tšoaroa ho sehlopha pharmacotherapeutic le latelang khoutu teh: N06VH.

Histori ea ketsahalo

Ka 1963, ho pharmacologists Belgian le S. V. Skondia Giurgea tsa maiketsetso lithethefatsi pele ho tswa ho sehlopha emeloang ke - "Pyracetam". Kajeno ke nootropic lithethefatsi tsebahalang bakuli ho fetisisa e le "Nootropil". Joaloka psychostimulant lilemong tsa bo-bohareng ba bo-la bo20 la lilemo, ho ntlafatsa kelello matla a monna 'me kahoo o litla na lehlakoreng.

Ka 1972, e mong oa bathehi ba moriana o e se e sisintsweng lentsoe "nootropic" ho bontša sehlopha sa lithethefatsi tse ntlafatsa ya memori ho kelello, ho ithuta le tlhokomelo, hammoho le ama transcallosal bokgoni ba rua mosebetsi antihypoxic 'me u se ke ua fana ka le liphello tse bohloko ka' mele.

Ka lehlakoreng le leng ho psychostimulants le tsebahalang le nootropics susumelletsa ho lisele tse methapo ea kutlo, eo e itlhomme pele ka ho eketsehileng le ho eketseha ha tšebetso ea bona, tseo ke ditirisanommogo ho ena le boleng tsa. Re lokela ho hlokomela hore na ketso eo ea ho fetisisa ea lithethefatsi tsena li ka ha ba a bontša ka mor'a hore lethal dose ea pele le nako e telele kalafo.

nootropics morao-rao

Hona joale, ho feta 10 pele nootropics tsa maiketsetso pyrrolidine letoto la lihlooho tse, e leng ke ka mohato 3 liteko tse matla tsa tleleniki, kapa ba 'nile ba ngolisitsoeng linaheng tse ling. Har'a lithethefatsi tse joalo ka ho tsejoa "oxiracetam", "nefiracetam", "Etiratsetam", "Aniracetam", "Rolziratsetam", "Izatsetam", "pramiracetam", "Tsebratsetam", "Dupratsetam", "Detiratsetam" et al a. Fana ka meriana na lebitso tloaelehile hore batho ba "racetam".

Ntle le batho ba bang bohle, 'me tsa maiketsetso nootropics tse ling tsa lelapa ho akarelletsa GABAergic, cholinergic, glutamatergic le tsamaiso peptidergic. Ho lokela ho hlokomeloe hore ho nootropic a sebetsang a motsoako o se teng ka medicaments tse ling tseo ba le hlahang ho yona lik'hemik'hale fapaneng.

Molao-motheo oa ho sebetsa

Nootropics - mofuta ofe lithethefatsi, 'me bakeng sa e ba khethoa? Motheong oa ketso phekolo ea meriana joalo larileng ka mekgwa 'maloa:

• activating dithulaganyo polasetiki ka tsamaiso ea methapo e bohareng ka lebaka la ho eketseha protheine le RNA tswakana;
• Ntlafatso ea matla boemo ba methapo ea kutlo, eo e bontša ho ntlafatsa ATP tswakana hammoho le litla antihypoxic le antioxidant;
• ntlafatsa tsoekere tshebediso;
• matlafatsang le thulaganyo ya synaptic phetiso ea tsamaiso ea methapo e bohareng;
• lera botsitso litla.

Features lithethefatsi

The mekgwa e khōlō ea lithethefatsi tse joalo ho nkoa hore litla bona ka ho toba le e hlophisitsweng, tshilong ya dijo le bioenergetics liseleng methapo ea kutlo, hammoho le sebelisana le litsamaiso tsa boko (haholo-holo neurotransmitter).

E nako e telele e proven hore nootropics ba khona ho ebe o kenya tshebetsong adenylate cyclase le eketsa ea mahloriso tsa lona ka neuron ena. Ho phaella moo, maemo e phahameng ea cyclic Amp isang ka phetoho e ka ts'ebetsong ea intracellular Ca2 + ions le K + ho ka potlako lokolloa ha neurotransmitter neuron kutlo.

Ho lokela ho hlokomeloe hore butswe adenylate cyclase khonang ho lula re botsitso tlhahiso ATP liseleng ntle ea oksijene le ea tlas'a maemo a hypoxia ho fetolela metabolism boko ka mokgwa wa bolokwa.

lithethefatsi Neuroprotective bakeng sa ba hōlileng le bana ba ke tsa bohlokoa ho ntlafatsa ya bokgabane bona le kelello ntshetsopeleng lieha ho hlaphoheloa. Baetsi ba buellang joalo bolela hore meriana bona ntlafatsa metabolism tsa acid nucleic, ebe o kenya tshebetsong le protheine tswakana tsa ATP le RNA hantle phunyeletse ho BBB empa hape eketsa lebelo la tsoekere tshebediso.

thepa nootoropov

Phello ea sebelisa lithethefatsi tse sa nootropic ka linako tse ling di go ranolelwang kwa ka oona tsamaisong boko neurotransmitter (cholinergic, monoaminergic, glutamatergic).

Ho latela bahlahisi, nootropics e ka fana ka mefuta ea tse ling tsa litla, ho akarelletsa le:

• antioxidant;
• lera botsitso;
• neuroprotection;
• -ba khahlanong le hypoxic.

lithethefatsi tse ling ho ka khonehang

Nootropics khothalletsa ho sebelisa rarahaneng ka. Hobane e le feela ntlafala mosebetsi bioelectrical le mosebetsi integrative ea boko, e bontša ka boeona e ka e le mohlala bath ea liphetoho electrophysiological (tšoauoa ho eketseha ha boemo ba falimehe, hammoho le tlhōrō e ka sehloohong, temana sekoti tsa lesedi pakeng tsa hemispheres ea boko, tokafatso ea mong ka eena le ka ho feletseng hippocampus EEG manyenyane matla le cortex).

Ke ho ntlafatsa cortico-subcortical taolo, ntlafatso ya phapanyetsano lesedi ka boko, le phello e ntle ho ikatisa le ho bōptjoa ha ya memori le moneketsela, re ka ka tsela e sireletsehileng re lithethefatsi tsena li ka etsa hore e ile ea eketseha ho ithuta bokhoni, ho ntlafatsa ya memori, ho nahana, tlhokomelo temoho, 'me ea Tshebediso ya mesebetsi kelello .

Ha e le hantle, bahlahisi ba bangata ba bolela hore lisebelisoa tsena li ka haholo ntlafatsa le potlakisa ho dikopanothutano (kapa mosebetsi dikopanothutano). Leha ho le joalo, liqoso tsena e-s'o ile a tiisa saense.

litla

Ho ea ka bahlahisi, lithethefatsi nootropic na ka tshusumetso batho ba latelang:

1. Mnemotropnoe (ama ithuta le memoring ya).
2. Nootropic (ama boemo ba menyetla ea mahlonoko tseo ho leng le likahlolo, hammoho le likhathatso tsa mosebetsi le cortical, ntlafatsa cortical laola mosebetsi subcortical, tlhokomelo ho nahanoa le puo e).
3. Adaptogenic (ama mamello ho lintlha tse sa tšoaneng, ho akarelletsa le lithethefatsi, eketsa ho hanyetsa ka kakaretso ba phelang ho lintlha feteletseng).
4. Eketsa ho hlaka boemo ba ka ilibana, tsoha (ama boemo ba ka ilibana ha hateletsoeng le fifala).
5. Psychostimulant (ama inertia kelello, sepheo hypobulia bofutsana, ho hloka thahasello, aspontannost le psychomotor kholofalo).
6. Antiasthenic (phello mokhathala, lethargy, bofokoli, liketsahalo tsa mokhathala 'meleng le kelellong).
7. Robatseng (fokotswa teneha le excitability maikutlo).
8. Antidepressant.
9. Antikineticheskoe.
10. Vegetative (ama molikoalikoane, hlooho e le lefu tserebrastenicheskom).
11. Antiepileptic (paroxysmal tšusumetso e inkela ka mahahapa mosebetsi).
12. Antiparkinsonian.
13. Matla.
14. Somatotropinostimuliruyuschee (kgolo ya hormona ho lokolloa le hlaha).
15. Hypoglycemic (fokotsa ea mahloriso ea tsoekere e maling ka lero la mali mali).
16. Lipolytic (tlas'a tsoekere moedi lumelloa matla a mokgwa wa acid tse mafura).
17. Antitoxic (excrete lihlahisoa litšila le kokobetsa ho tse fapa-fapaneng lintho tse kotsi).
18. Anabolic.
19. Immunostimulant.

Ho e atlehang bakeng sa lithethefatsi leqeba thibelo nootropic?

Mofuta ofe lithethefatsi, re utloisisa. Empa sena se hlahisa potso e ncha mabapi le hore na ba e atlehang ea ho phekola le thibelo ea leqeba. Re lokela ho hlokomela hore mokhoa ona o ntse a belaella. Sena ke ka ntlha ya go ha e le hantle hore ho sebelisa nootropics khahlanong le tsela e sa tloaelehang joalo ba ne ba sa tiisa moriana ka bopaki tse thehiloeng Bibeleng.

kopo ea tleleniki

Pele re hlalosa seo chelete e sebelisoang ka moriana official, re lokela ho hlokomela hore ho sebelisa lithethefatsi nootropic ntle ditaelo tse di beilweng lingaka ha li fuoang ka na bapharmasi. Ena e hlalosoa ka taba ea hore ba e matleng a hae ho sehlopha se tšoanang meriana e le tse susumetsang matla ka ho fetisisa.

Qalong hlahisoang ke meriana sebelisoa ho tšoara maloetse a sa mosebetsi boko ka batho ba hōlileng ba nang le manyolo syndrome, boko. Le hoja e le tse seng kae tse fetileng (hangata linaheng boraro lefatšeng) li fetohile haholo ho pharaletseng sebediswa masimong a sa tšoaneng ea ho phekola, ho akarelletsa ho buoa, Pediatrics, psychiatry, Neurology, Temallo, hammoho le obstetric le geriatric mokhoa ona.

Kahoo, nootropics ba sebelisoa ke lingaka ka:

• foleng cerebrovascular insufficiency;
• botahoa;
• neurosis le neurotic mafu a;
• Dementia se hlahang ho yona fapaneng (senile, vascular le lefu la Alzheimer);
• psihorganicheskom lefu;
• sithabetsang boko ntsa kotsi;
• vegetative-vascular dystonia;
• bokong ho potoloha ha mali mafu a;
• kelello-kelello mafu a (litsebeng tsa mahloriso, karete ya memori le ho nahana);
• foleng bokhoba ba tahi (psychoorganic lefu, magazine, a khaotsa ho tsuba);
• tepelletsang, asthenic-tepelletsang le lefu asthenic;
• CNS;
• ho ntlafatsa mosebetsi oa kelello.

Bontšang bakeng sa bana

Linaheng tse tsoelang pele, ha feela chelete ke haholo-holo ho tloaelehile Pediatrics. Kahoo, bana ba nootropic lithethefatsi tseo ke li behetsoeng:

• kholofalo kelello;
• lieha ho bua le ntshetsopele kelello;
• kgolofalo ya boko;
• liphello tsa CNS diso perinatal;
• a lebisa tlhokomelo sekgeo.

tse ling tse bontšang hore e sebelisoe

Libaka tse Hloahloa tsa neuroprotective lithethefatsi - sena ke lithethefatsi e le lebisitsoeng ho phekola sebetsa mme ha ho ama hampe ka 'mele oa motho. Re lokela ho hlokomela hore ho phekoloa joalo ka linako tse ling o ile a sebelisa ka se:

• Hoeleketsa ( "Pantogam", "Phenibutum");
• khalemelo neuroleptic lefu ( "hopantenic acid e", "Pyritinol", "deanol atseglumat", "Pantogam");
• hyperkinesis ( "acid e hopantenic", "Phenibutum", "Memantine");
• dysuria ( "Pantogam", "nicotinoyl-GABA");
• mafu a robala ( "Phenibut", "k'halsiamo sa gamma-hydroxybutyrate," "Glycine");
• migraine ( "Pyritinol", "nicotinoyl-GABA", "Semaks");
• ho tsekela ( "ginkgo biloba biloba,", "Phenibutum", "Pyracetam");
• bakeng sa ho thibela ho kula tshisinyo ( "GABA", "Phenibut").

Ka tsela eo, ho ka go ikatisetsa mahlo, chelete joalo li sebelisoa e le karolo ea motsoako phekolo bakeng sa bulehileng-angle glaucoma, mafu vascular tsa ho retina le macula ( "nicotinoyl-GABA"), hammoho le lilemo tsa bona-amanang macular degeneration le lefu la tsoekere foufatsang ( "ginkgo biloba biloba,").

nootropics tsa tlhaho

Ho phaella ho meriana, bakeng sa e le hantle phekolo e atisa ho hiriloe ntho tsa tlhaho le thepa e tšoanang. Ya e le hantle, nootropics tsa tlhaho ha li ka e sebetsang hantle e le mahlahana diokobatsi, empa ka mor'a libeke tse 'maloa tsa tšebeliso, bakuli ba ntse qala ho hlokomela e ntlafala mosebetsi dikopanothutano,' me joalo-joalo.