Lisele tsa neural ke eng

Linama tse tšoenyang (HT) li nkoa e le karolo ea motheo ea tsamaiso ea methapo e tsoang bokong le ho qetella ka ho fela ha methapo. Haeba re nahana ka sebopeho sa methapo ea methapo, hoa hlokomeloa hore e na le lisele tse nang le methapo ea meriana e bitsoang neurons, lisele tse thusang tse kopanetsoeng (e seng iroglias), hammoho le li-fibers le lifilimi, e boetse e kenyelletsa likepe le lihlahisoa tse sebetsang.

Ho hlahisa ho tloha ho ectoderm, HT e theha tsamaiso ea methapo ea mantlha. Ho eona, lisele li bokelloa ka lihlopha, kahoo ho hlaha taba e bohlooho, ha likhoele li bokella likotla, li etsa taba e tšoeu.

Linama tse tšoenyang li tšoaroa ka ho khanna le ho halefa. Kahoo, tšusumetso e kenang liseleng e fetoloa e le mehopolo e fuoa litho tse loketseng, mahlaseli kapa mesifa. Lisebelisoa tsa HT lisele le ho boloka tlhahisoleseling mme li ka e fumana ho tloha mohopolong ha ho hlokahala.

Neuron e na le nucleus le cytoplasm e pota-potileng (pericarion), moo mitochondria, ribosomes, mohaho oa Golgi, lisebelisoa tsa Nissl le joalo-joalo li teng. Ho eona ho tloha mekhoa, e emeloang ke mefuta e 'meli.

1. Dendrides - ho bona tšusumetso e isoa 'meleng oa sele. Li na le bolelele ba 0,2 μm.

2. Neuritis (axon) - ho eona mokokotlo o fetisoa ho tloha 'meleng oa sele. E fela ka makala, ho theha maqhama le li-neurone tse ling kapa litho tse ling tsa litho.

Re lokela ho hlokomela hore lisele tse nang le methapo ea methapo li ka khona ho etsa li-pulses ka tsela e le 'ngoe feela.

Linama tse tšoenyang li na le mefuta e meraro ea lisele tsa methapo:

1. Batho ba fapaneng - ba hlahisa maikutlo.

2. Efektornye - etsa hore litho tsa 'mele li sebetse. Sena se akarelletsa motlakase oa motlakase le lisele tsa neurosecretory (tse amehang tshebetsong ea ho tsosolosoa).

3. Mekhoa ea maiketsetso pakeng tsa lisele tsa methapo.

Matšoao a matšoao ke mokhoa oa li-neurone tse pota-potiloeng ke li-lemocytes. Ke ba bezmielinovye le myelin. Ho itšetlehile ka sebopeho sa bona, ke karolo ea sebopeho sa lefapha le itseng la tsamaiso ea methapo.

Matšoao a meriana a felisoa ka liphahlo tse khethehileng, tse bitsoang ho qetella ka methapo ea kutlo, li sebelisa likhoele tsa tsona ho kopanya le likarolo tse fapa-fapaneng tsa lisele. Bofelo ke ba mefuta e 'meli: bahlaseli le synapses. Boitšoaro ba pele bo tsosang ho tloha ho lesela ho ea ho fiber, ho qetela, ho fapana ho tloha fiber ho ea lesela.

Li-tissu tsa Neural li boetse li na le neuroglia, ke hore, sehlopha sa lisele tse teng pakeng tsa neurons. Lisele tsena li etsa mesebetsi e joalo e le tšireletso, sephiri, ho arola, ho tšehetsa le trophic. Ba kenya letsoho ho tsamaisa thabo ka likhoele nakong ea ho tsosolosoa le ho senyeha ha tsona.

Ka lebaka leo, ha re nahana ka mesebetsi ea lisele tsa methapo, re ka khetholla tse latelang: tlhahiso le boitšoaro ba matšoao a motlakase, tefo le polokelo ho hopola lintlha tse itseng, ho kenya letsoho ho thehoa ha boitšoaro, ho nahana le maikutlo.

Ka hona, NT ke mofuta o khethehileng haholo oa lisele, tse nang le lisele, li-fibers, li-ending le neuroglia. Lihlopha li na le thepa ea ho lemoha maikutlo, ho thaba, ho hlahisa maikutlo a itseng, ebe joale e li fetisetsa. Ka lebaka la sena, lihlopha tse kopanetsoeng li kenya letsoho tabeng ea ho kopanya, ho lumellana, ho ikamahanya le litho tsohle, mekhoa le lisele tsa 'mele oa motho.

Re lokela ho hlokomela hore ha lisele tsa methapo li na le maloetse, likarolo tsohle tse etsang mohaho oa tsona li utloa bohloko. Tabeng ena, mokhoa oa ho kula o ka 'na oa etsahala, ka mohlala, ho ruruha, lihlahala kapa litsietsi tse ling tse ka amang tsamaiso ea methapo ea motho. Liphetoho kapa tahlehelo ea lisebelisoa tsa NT li lefelloa ke ho ata ha liphatsa tse nyenyane kapa nts'etsopele ea li-cysts.

Hoa lokela ho hlokomeloa hore tsamaiso ea methapo ka kakaretso e na le mesifa ea methapo, ka lebaka la liketso tsohle tsa 'mele oa motho tse etsoang.