Liphoofolo tsa Red Book ea Republic of Komi: lethathamo, tlhaloso le lintho tse khethollang

Motheong oa botšepehi ba phelang khetla Earth (biosphere) ke hlileng a leng tšoane ha mefuta e meng ea microorganisms, limela, liphoofolo, li-fungus le sa t. D., Ke ile ha thehoa ka tshebetso ya ho iphetola ha lintho. Tsamaisong ena, ho na le ha ho letho le lololo kapa tse sa hlokahaleng, e leng mochine hantle-hokahangoa sebetsang bakeng sa batho ba limilione ba lilemo. Amanang le eona 'me tsoelo-pele ea moloko oa batho, eo ama liphoofolo tse hlaha e tla feela eketsa selemo-ka lilemo. Hangata ho le molemo le ka lebaka leo e isa hore ho hlokahala hore amohela mehato ikemiseditse ho ho pholosa ho fapafapana mefuta.

Ka Republic Komi mosebetsi oa mofuta ona o etsoang tsoa le e 80-ogy. The Book Red ho ile ha thehoa ka 1998, e leng se bonahatsang mefuta eohle tloaelehang le kotsing ea ho fela. The maqhubu a ya phatlalatso lona - hang mong le e mong lilemo tse leshome. Liphoofolo tsa Red Book ea Republic of Komi hlahlojoa ka dihlahlobo tse tšeletseng le dihlopha tse khethollang boemo ba mefuta e sa.

The ka litekanyetso tsa sekasekale

• 0 - mohlomong foqohe kapa timele, ke hore, pele ba ne ba phela ka tšimo ea Republic, empa ka ho qetela lilemo tse 100 kapa 50 (bakeng sa invertebrates le vertebrates, ka ho latellana), boteng ba bona o ne a sa o ile a tiisa.
• 1 - ke le kotsing, e le hore ke, palo ea bo ileng ba fokotswa ho boemong ba mahlonoko tseo ho leng le kgonego ea hore ba ka 'na tsa nyamela ka ho feletseng ka nako e tlang.
• 2 - mefuta eo linomoro li fokotseha butle-butle.
• 3 - fumanoa seoelo. Tsena li akarelletsa baahi, subspecies e phela sebakeng se fokolang ka linomoro ka tlhaho e tlase.
• 4 - tsa boemo ba sa tsitsang, ke hore, eo bokella boitsebiso bo lekaneng, empa mohlomong ba ile ba oela 'ngoe ea dihlopha tsena.
• 5 - hlaphoheloa kapa hlaphoheloa. Microorganisms, limela le liphoofolo tsa Red Book ea Republic of Komi, palo ea tsona e haufi le palo eo, ha ba se ba se ba hloka tšireletso le thuso.

li-mushroom

E mong oa ka ho fetisisa ea mohlolo le e thahasellisang ho libakeng saense e - li-mushroom. Hona joale e akarelletsa hoo e ka bang ba limilione tse halofo mefuta. Ka Red Book tsa Komi e emeloang ke mafapha a mabeli le 42 mefuta e. ho akarelletsa le:

• Hoetla gyromitra - ntse e hōla merung phaene le e tsoakiloeng tse nyenyane-leaved, tluoa tabeng ea ha selemo le selemo, maemong a arohaneng Vychegda River Basin;
• Smorchkova cap, - humus saprotroph, seoelo, le mong, haholo-holo ka tsela e tšoanang ho pono ea pejana;
• greasers tšoeu (tšoantšetsoang ka holimo) - e atile Russia, empa ka naha ea Komi ke seoelo, lebaka le ka sehloohong - ho timetsoa ha libaka tsa tikoloho ea eona.

dimelametsing

Ho fapana le tumelo e tloaelehileng, ba isoa tlas'a tšireletso ea linonyana, e seng feela, limela le liphoofolo. Red Data Book ea Republic of Komi le baemeli ba ile ba ea khale ka ho fetisisa tse phelang spore (dimelametsing) bao e leng ho ea dimela tlaase Subkingdom. Ho na le mefuta e mene: lemaneya noka, Nostoc plum, tolipella spicate, Hara tloaelehileng. Pele ke columnar dimelametsing, fihle ho fihlela ho cm, 4. Ha o nka tekanyo e ea lefatše, e le oa mofuta ofe Cosmopolitan atile. Leha ho le joalo, ka Komi noutu eo feela baahi tse nyenyane ka linōka le matša a ba tundra ena.

Lemaneya noka na le thallus kgolo ho fihlela ho 30 cm, nako e telele, hangata e bonolo, haholo tlase haholo se makala a. Itseng mala: lefifi pherese, sootho, pinki. mefuta Rare ya khubelu dimelametsing le lefatšeng, fumana 4 feela Komi baahi. E tšoanang ka thoe'ng ka tolipellu spicate, ho hōla ka tlase matša tundra. Population, 'me palo ea tsona e se e se letho le lekaalo ithuta, empa e lokela ho sireletsoa, kaha feela tundra e ntse e hōla Russia.

Dimela Red Book

The limela eohle ea Republic of Komi na semela mefuta 1158 (vascular), tseo ka tsona hoo e ka bang 1,000 tse amanang le ho libaka taiga le 500 - ho tundra ena. Taolo ke ea baemeli ba angiosperms ena. Ke habohlokoa ho hlokomela tse ling tsa mefuta e sa. Mohlala, Pinus sibirica (photo photo photo photo), ba ka phoso e bitswang kedare. Ke sefate molelele (34-35 limithara) e na le moqhaka ho jala le ho lula, ho ea ka ba bang likhakanyo, ho fihlela ho lilemo tse 500, haholo-holo a ananela ho ba ruileng le thuso linate metsoako. Hlahlojoa ka criterion bobeli, lebaka - mello le seha bosholu ba. Buka ena e boetse e bontša hore sedges tse sa tšoaneng, Bolotnitsa, Bluegrass, iris e Siberia, bopherese, Elm (boreleli, kaba), le ba bang.

Chordate liphoofolo tse ho tse thathamisitsoeng ka Red Book ea Republic of Komi tse ngata le tse sa tšoaneng, kahoo a re ke re sheba ka ho toba ho feta bakeng sa e mong le e sehlopha sa.

sehlopha sa Pisces

The metsi ntle ea Republic ke lehae la mefuta e 44 ea litlhapi masatsoana. Sehlōhō maemo a klimate le palo e khōlō ea linōka le matša a ba a bolela hore karolo ea ho tšoasa litlhapi e le Mosebetsi ea setso tikolohong eo. Ntho e 'ena, hammoho le bosholu ba, tšilafalo ea matša le linōka, ntshetsopele indasteri ea tšimo e ileng ea etsa hore ea fokotseha ha palo ea litlhapi tsa khoebo. Ba tlas'a tšokelo, ho akarelletsa tse latelang.

• E Tloaelehileng trout - tlhapi khetha ho phela ka e hloekileng linōka lithaba le ho itima lijo hona joale. Nakong e fetileng, ho na le Maemong ba lik'hilograma ho fihlela ho 70, empa e qetellang tšoaroa exemplar hase fetang 4 lik'hilograma. chordates tsena Red Book ea Republic of Komi ba bakae ka lebaka la ho haelloa tsoane tlholeho.
• Siberia Sturgeon - tlhapi e khōlō haholo le 1.5 limithara ka bolelele le e boima ba 'mele, ka karolelano ba lik'hilograma 50. A mefuta e sa tloaelehang haholo mabapi le motho ea mafolofolo bosholu ba le metsi tšilafalo.
• Tšoeu Salmon - e khōlō noka tlhapi, bothata ke tšilafalo ea spawning le ho fepa mabaka.

Ho phaella moo, buka ea ho tse thathamisitsoeng arctic Char, Grayling, bullhead.

Lihahabi, le sehahabi se le

liphoofolo tsena ke Red Book ea Republic of Komi ke khale vertebrates, metsi le tataisang kapa phelang ka eona seka-phelang metsing. Karolo ea emeloang ke mefuta e 'meli feela. Pele - Siberia salamander. Ho na le o molelele o le chitja 'mele le hlooho e pharaletse ebile pantshisi-tse. Boholo ba batho ba baholo ba ka cm, 11-15 e telele. The mabaka a boholo ba eona tse nyenyane li sa utloisisoe ho, empa ho ea ka ba bang e amana le ho fedisa ea relic ena. The mofuta bobeli - European mollo-mankholi digogwane. A tse nyenyane digwagwa ho fihlela ho la 5-6 cm, le e lamunu khanyang kapa tse khubelu ka mpeng a tlotsitsoeng pherese matheba. Tšokelo larileng ka tšilafalo ea habitats bona kapa ntlafalo bona.

linonyana

Ka Republic Komi, 250 mefuta e meng ea linonyana sehlaha. Ba bona ba ka Red Book tsa tikolohong eo li thathamisitsoe e latelang: kgolo le Grebe, European batsho throated diver, bittern ba tloaelehileng le tse nyenyane, tse nyenyane le whooper khantsi, e khubelu-breasted likhantsi, greylag likhantsi, monyenyane tšoeu, phakoe e jang litlhapi, Marsh harrier, ntsu, mahe a linotši buzzard, tšoeu-gelada ntsu, peregrine, phakoe, Merlin, ea bohlooho Crane, likoekoe, moorhen, coot, corncrake, oystercatcher, common snipe, batsho gelada godwit, sephooko, lehloa sephooko, ea bohlooho, Bearded le nako e telele-gelada tawny sephooko, ntsu sephooko, ho tloaelehile hore batho shrike Red-le Nightingale.

The Red Book ea Republic of Komi (liphoofolo tse): lethathamo la liphoofolo tse anyesang

Sena ke ka ho fetisisa bohlokoa haholo hlophisitse chordates, ba atisa ho ea sebopeho rarahaneng ea tsamaiso ea methapo ea kutlo 'me, ka lebaka leo, ho le thata' me a etsehang boitshwaro likarabo. 60 mefuta e meng ea liphoofolo tse anyesang phela ka Republic, 'me e sa tloaelehang le le kotsing ka abeloa tse hlano.

• Likhama - fallang mefuta bonolo hore tsokelo haholo-holo ka lebaka la bosholu ba. E nako e telele bile lichaba polar ho nkoa e tsoa mohloling tsa bohlokoa tsa lijo le thepa.
• pika Northern - liphoofolo, boholo 'me ponahalo ea tšoana le Rat, empa ka nako e khutšoanyane mohatla, lekaneng ho le litsebe,' mala - mosehla ratoa ke mafome. Tšokelo e ntshetsopeleng liindasteri tsa naha, ho timetsa ba sebaka sa phelang liphoofolo.
• Ka lethathamo la "Liphoofolo tsa Red Book ea Republic of Komi" pela e hape e ne e akarelletsa, le hoja e tloaelehile haholo hara pono Serussia. Palo e fokolang ea baahi e amanang le phepelo e fokolang ea lijo, haholo maemo a klimate, timetso ke masholu a liphoofolo.
• The mink European lulang libakeng tse ngata tsa Russia, empa ka Komi nyenyane linomoro, mabaka a li sa tsejoeng, mohlomong ka lebaka la ho liphetoho maemong a tikoloho.
• Brown telele-eared mankhane - mankhane tse nyenyane ka boholo, lebaka la ho ata ha tlaase - mariha a batang haholo le ho senngoa ha meru.

Joalokaha u tseba, mong le e mong lefatšeng a ka ho leka-lekana, empa le tlas'a tšusumetso ea mesebetsi ea batho, ho ka ba bonolo ho mahae ka tataiso a sa thabiseng. Seoelo, empa ho na le linako tse ling, 'me e bapileng ha ho intša e tsosolositsoeng liphoofolo tse sa tloaelehang tsa Red Book ea Republic of Komi. European polecat - mohlala o tobileng. O ne a ho tse thathamisitsoeng ka khatiso ea pele, empa ho fihlela joale, ho baahi ba o ile a hlaphoheloa 'me o sireletsehile zoologists, empa hobane phoofolo e ya kenyeletswa ho tloha lethathamo la.