Sebopeho, Pale
Lintoa tsa Bolumeli (tafole le letsatsi)
Histori ea moloko oa batho - ke hore, ka bomalimabe, hase kamehla lefatšeng la tse sibolotsoeng le tsoelo-pele, 'me hangata ketane lintoa mengata. Tsena li akarelletsa le Lintoa tsa Bolumeli, bo etsoang ho tswa XI ho lekholong la lilemo la XIII. Ho utloisisa mabaka le sepheo, hammoho le trace histori li tla thusa sehlooho sena. E tla tsamaea hlophiswa ka "ntoa ea bolumeli" tafole e nang le matsatsi ao bohlokoa ka ho fetisisa, mabitso le liketsahalo.
Tlhaloso ea "ntoa ea bolumeli" le "Crusader"
Ntoa ea bolumeli - sena ke tlhaselo ba hlometseng ba lebotho la Bakreste ba Mamosleme East, eo e ile ea nka e leng kakaretso ea lilemo tse fetang 200 (1096-1270) le bontšitsoeng ka bonyane robeli liketso tse hlophisitsweng tsa masole tse tsoang linaheng tsa Bophirimela European. Ka nako e hamorao e ne e le lebitso la letšolo la leha e le efe ea sesole ka morero oa ho ho sokoloha ho Bokreste le ho atolosa tšusumetso ea mehleng e bohareng Kereke e K'hatholike.
Crusader - morupeluoa ea letšolo lena. Lehetleng la hae le letona o ne a setsiba ka sebōpeho sa sefapano e K'hatholike. Setšoantšong se tšoanang ho sebelisoa ho helmete le lifolakha.
Mabaka a, sepheo, lipakane, matšolo
liketso tsa sesole ho ile ha hlophisoa ke Kereke e K'hatholike. Lebaka leo ka puo ea khale e ne e le ntoa e le Mamosleme ho lokolla ka lebitleng la Halalelang, teng ka Naha e Halalelang (Palestine). Ka kutloisiso ea morao-rao ea sebakeng sena e akarelletsa linaha tse kang Syria, Lebanon, Iseraele, Gaza, Jordane 'me ba bang.
Ha ho motho ya belaela katleho. Ka nako eo ho ne ho lumeloa hore mang kapa mang ea fetoha crusader, fumana tšoarelo ea libe tsohle. Ka lebaka leo, ba e mong oa bana e ne e ratoa ke batho Knights le baahi ba metseng ea litoropo, balemi. Morao-rao e le phapanyetsano bakeng sa ho kopanela ntoa ea bolumeli e lokolloa serfdom. Ho phaella moo, bakeng sa marena European ntoa ea bolumeli e ne e le monyetla oa ho tlosa marena a matla feudal, bao matla a 'nile ea eketseha ka matlotlo a bona. bahoebi ba ruileng le ba batho ba motse o ile a bona menyetla ya moruo ka hlōla sesole. A ho intša baruti phahame leba bapapa Lintoa tsa Bolumeli nkoa e le mokhoa oa ho ba matlafatsa matla a kereke.
Qalo le qetellong ea mehla ea Masole a bolumeli
1 ntoa ea bolumeli ba ile ba qala August 15, 1096, ha unorganized 50000th letšoele la balemi ba le mafutsana a litoropong ho ea liahelo ntle thepa le ho koetlisoa. Di hangata kopanela ikhapela thepa (e le ba ba nka bahlabani ea Molimo, e leng oa tsohle lefatšeng lena le) le hlasela Bajuda (ba ne ba nkoa e le litloholo tsa babolai ba Kreste). Empa ka hare ho selemong se e ile ea timetsoa ke lebotho o ile a kopana tseleng ke Hungarians, 'me hamorao ke Maturkey. Latelang mafutsana bongata bo ntoa ea bolumeli o ile a Knights hantle koetlisitsoeng. Se ka 1099 ba ile ba tla Jerusalema, hapang motse 'me a bolaea bongata ba baahi. liketsahalo tsena le sebakeng sebopeho bitsoa 'Muso oa Jerusalema e ile ea qeta ho motho ea mafolofolo nakong ea leeto la pele la lilemo. ditholwana tse ding hape (ho fihlela ho 1101) o ne a ena sepheo sa ho matlafatsa ho meeli hlōtse.
Qetela ntoa ea bolumeli (borobeli) o ile a qala June 18, 1270 le lulisa tsa French le 'musi Louis IX Army ka Tunisia. Leha ho le joalo, tshebetso ena e ile ea fela ka ho hloleha: esita le pele ho ntoa ea morena a ile a bolaoa ke lefu la seoa le eo ile a etsa hore masole a bolumeli a hore a khutlele lapeng. Nakong ena, tšusumetso ea Bokreste Palestina e ne e fokolang haholo, 'me Mamosleme a, ho fapana le hoo, matlafatsa maemong a bona. Ka lebaka leo, ba ne ba hapa motse oa Acre, e felise ho mehla ea Lintoa tsa Bolumeli.
1-4, th Lintoa tsa Bolumeli (tafole)
Lilemo Tse Ngata ea Lintoa tsa Bolumeli | Baeta-pele le / kapa liketsahalo tsa bohlokoa | diphetho | |
1 ntoa ea bolumeli | 1096-1101 | Duke Gotfrid Bulonsky, Duke Robert oa Normandy, 'me ba bang. Etellang metse ea Nicaea, Edessa, Jerusalema le ba bang. | Ho phatlalatsoa ha 'Muso oa Jerusalema |
2nd ntoa ea bolumeli | 1147-1148 | Morena oa France , Louis VII, Morena oa Jeremane Conrad III | Masole a bolumeli a hlōloa, inehele ba Jerusalema, lebotho la Baegepeta le 'musi Saladin |
boraro ntoa ea bolumeli | 1189-1192 | Morena oa Jeremane le Moemphera oa Roma 'Muso oa Frederick Ke Barbarossa, French Korol Filipp II le Senyesemane King Richard I oa Engelane The nkhape ba motse o koung ea likepe oa Acre, June 11, 1191 | Ea qetello ea konteraka le Richard I oa Salah Papatso-Din (disadvantageous bakeng hristan) |
4th ntoa ea bolumeli | 1202-1204 | Nka le a ikhapela thepa ba motse oa Byzantium oa Constantinople la 13 April, 1204 | Karolo linaheng Byzantium |
5-8th Lintoa tsa Bolumeli (tafole)
Lilemo Tse Ngata ea Lintoa tsa Bolumeli | Baeta-pele le liketsahalo tsa bohlokoa | diphetho | |
5th ntoa ea bolumeli | 1217-1221 | Duke Leopold Austria VI, King II Hungary András et al a. Hike Palestina le Egepeta. | Ho hlōleha ha khopisa ba Egepeta 'me ka lipuo Jerusalema ka lebaka la lebaka la ho hloka bonngoe ka moeta-pele |
6th ntoa ea bolumeli | 1228-1229 | Jeremane morena le hore ke moemphera oa 'Muso oa Roma , Frederick II ea Staufen La 18 March, 1229 nkiloe Jerusalema | The nkhape ba Jerusalema ke selekane le 'musi o ea Egepeta Ka 1244 motse oo hape ho fetile matsohong a Mamosleme |
bo7 ntoa ea bolumeli | 1248-1254 | French Korol Lyudovik IX St. March ka Egepeta | Ho hlōloa ha masole a bolumeli a hapa morena ka theko morago ga moo, 'me a khutlele lapeng |
bo8 ntoa ea bolumeli | 1270 | St. Louis IX June 18, 1270 - lulisa ka Tunisia. | O putlama thapolla maoto ka lebaka la seoa sa lefu la seoa le lefu la Morena |
diphetho
Atlehile hakae ne Lintoa tsa Bolumeli tse ngata, tafole bontša ka ho hlaka. Har'a bo-rahistori ba se na maikutlo a se nang balekane, seo tshusumetso liketsahalo bophelong ba batho Bophirimela.
Litsebi tse ling li lumela hore Lintoa tsa Bolumeli o ile a bula tsela e eang East, a theha maqhama a macha a moruo le tsa setso. Batho ba bang baa hlokomela hore ke atlehe haholoanyane ho feta ka etsoa ka tsela e nang le khotso. Haholo-holo hore ntoa ea bolumeli ea ho qetela e ile ea fela ka ho hloleha totobetseng.
tsela e 'ngoe kapa e' ngoe, ka ho fetisisa tsa Europe Bophirimela, ho 'nile ha liphetoho tse khōlō: tšusumetso e eketsehang ea ho bapapa, le matla a marena; impoverishment tsa nobility le ho hlaha ha baahi litoropong e imene; sehlopha sa ponahalo ea hona joale lihoai li lokolohile serf ilelegi pele e neng e fumana bolokolohi ba ka lebaka la ho ba le seabo ka Lintoa tsa Bolumeli.
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