Lichaba tsa matsoalloa a Arctic. Eo batho ba ke matsoalloa a Arctic?

Arctic - Territory ea Ocean Arctic libakeng moeling oa lik'honthinenteng le maoatle. Boholo ba sebaka se ka koahela ka glaciers. Arctic lichaba matsoalloa fetohile tloaetse ho maemo a boima ao ba Arctic. Sehloohong sena, re tla u bolella haholoanyane ka mokhoa oa ho li tseba tšimong ena, ba populates e le hore baahi ba ea moo a lulang.

Litšobotsi tsa sebaka seo

Pele re bua ka mofuta ofe oa batho ba ke matsoalloa a Arctic, e ke ho hlokahala hore ho hlalosa sebaka seo. Le fetoletsoeng e le ho tswa ho lentsoe la Segerike "Arctic" le bolela "jara". Boholo ba sehlekehlekeng - Greenland Ice Sheet. Arctic lichaba matsoalloa ba ikamahanya le maemo ho a boima ao ba le nako e telele frosts mariha. Ka mohlala, Taimyr Hloahloeng mocheso fihla -50 likhato Celsius. Mariha ka e nkang ho likhoeli tse 9. Bask letsatsing nakong ea lehlabula ke ke a atleha, hobane mocheso lebetsoeng le fihla ho likhato tse 10. Mong le e mong oa tseba hore na ho na le ho Arctic bosiu Polar le letsatsi Polar.

tšimong ea Arctic e arotsoe likarolo tse tharo:

• shrub tundra;
• tloaelehileng tundra (boriba, boriba);
• Arctic.

Tsela ea ho hōla

Haha marangrang a mekhatlo ea Arctic matsoalloa e ileng ea 20 st, lekholong la lilemo la. Leha ho le joalo, tsamaiso e ntshetsopeleng e qalile khale pele ho moo. lilemo tse fetang 30 000 tse fetileng, batho ba boholo-holo pele beha leoto la naha ena. Ebe ka tšimo ea Arctic solla likete likhama le lipoho. batho ba boholo-holo butle e ile ea fihla le Arctic, tšela meeli ea Asia, China le Mongolia.

Lipontšo pele ea bophelo ba batho ba boholo-holo a ile a fumanoa a le fihlang ka tlaase ea e Yana Nōka. Archaeologists lumela hore baahi ba pele ba naha a thata a phela mona ka 37 000 tse fetileng. batho ba boholo-holo ba setseng lehaheng metako le mekhabiso ka bokaholimo ea lipalo ea mammoth le majoe. Ba tšoantšetsoa tsoma litšoantšo ho tsona.

Arctic le bathong matsoalloa

Baahi ba pele ba neng ba tlile ho tla naheng ena ka lilemo tse fetang 30 000 tse fetileng, 'me ba lutse ba mona. Ho ea ka lipalo-palo, batho ba matsoalloa a moo ho Arctic - ba baemedi ba lichaba 17 fapaneng. lihlopha tsena tsa sechaba fapana ho e mong le tse ling tse motho puo e le letsoalloa, lineano le botšepehi, mekgatlo setso le sociological le makgabane. E le busa, batho matsoalloa tsa Arctic tse haella. palo ea bona ka seoelo feta batho ba 50 000.

Lethathamo la batho matsoalloa ho Arctic e se e laolwang ke mmuso, ho kenyeletsa:

• Veps;
• Aleuts;
• Nenets;
• Chum;
• Oluchi;
• Alyutors;
• Eskimos;
• Sami;
• Orok;
• Dolgan;
• Enets;
• ulchi;
• Chukchi;
• Kamchadals et al a.

Arctic lichaba matsoalloa teng ka chelete e fokolang. Ho ea ka palo ea sechaba morao-rao, ho na le ka bang 260 000 le batho.

Lifestyle ea baahi ba matsoalloa

Bao e leng batho ba matsoalloa a moo ho Arctic, hangata phela bophelo ba seka-metebong. Ho nkoa ntho e tloaelehileng bakeng sa ho baahi ba moo. falla kamehla ho tswa tundra ho libaka sa steppe - tsela e tloaelehileng ea bophelo. The boholo ba batho Arctic matsoalloa a kopanela:

• likhama;
• ho tsoma;
• ho bokelloa;
• ho tšoasa litlhapi.

Tsela ena ea bophelo e beilwe ho Arctic baahi ba ka litšobotsi tse khethehileng tsa merabe. Boitsebiso ba batho e tšoana le ea ba litso tse ling tsa Bochabela bo Hōle, le Siberia 'me ba bo Hōle North. A tsela e tšoanang oa bophelo bo fumanoa lebōpong le-baahi, Yakuts, Karelia, Komi le Old Balumeli, hobane iphelisang bona itšetlehile ka maemo a tikoloho, boemo ba leholimo, 'me joalo-joalo. D. Ho ea ka lipalo-palo, ka leboea e hona joale lehae la batho ba ka bang limilione tse 1,5. Ho fihlela lilemo tse mashome a 'maloa tse fetileng, palo ena e ne e le linako tse 10 ka tlaase ho moo. Phetoho ena e ka ho toba amahanngoa le ho fallela ka leboea ho Russia, eo sepheo se seholo - ho fumana chelete e eketsehileng. Ka mor'a hore tsohle, lilemong tsa morao tjena ke nomoro ea tonanahali ea lik'hamphani tsa ho hula khase, sebetsa le lipalangoang tsa lihlahisoa tse tala ho ile ha buloa.

ho fetoha ha tlelaemete le tlwaetsa baahi ba moo

Arctic lichaba matsoalloa li fetile tsela thata ho tloaela tikoloho. lilemo tse makholo kaofela ba ile ka ho sebelisoa ho maemo a ea leboea. Ka lebaka la sena batho ba moo tshusumetso fokolang haholo ka tlhaho, sebelisa matlotlo a lona ka mokgwa wa o qenehela. phelang ka eona feela ea setso thusa batho matsoalloa ho sebetsana ka katleho le jwalo rarahaneng ka tlwaetsa. Sepheo se seholo sa batho ba neng ba lula ho Arctic - ho boloka boemo ba tlhahiso naha le ho hlokomela ho fapafapana likokoana-hloko. Feela ka lebaka la tlhokomelo ea ebile a ba nahanela mabapi le linaha tse ling le batho ba matsoalloa a moo ba ile ba khona ho tloaela maemo a boima ao ba hore o teng. Sena se ile sa ba thusa ho latela meetlo ea bona, mekete le mekete, tse tšoaetsanoang ho tloha molokong ho isa molokong.

lineano

lebitso la e 'ngoe ea batho ba matsoalloa a moo ho Arctic ka boeona e fana ka taelo le tlhompho e tsoang ho ba bang. Hore ba ne ba khona ho phela ka ho joalo tikolohong e sehlōhō 'me re teng ho fihlela kajeno. Ho tsebo ea setso ileng la e fetisa ho tloha molokong ho isa molokong o mong, ba thusitseng ho etsa eona. Tsena li akarelletsa:

• Etsa lialmanaka khoebo. Batšoasi ba litlhapi le litsomi rerang ho homolog libakeng tlhahiso le matlha aa beilweng. le melao ea tsamaiso bitsetsoa tšoaroa liphoofolo le litlhapi. Ho itšetlehile ka kgolo ya palo ea northerners ne moroalo oa ka baahi ba liphoofolo tse itseng.
• Pholosang lapeng la ntseng e tsoela pele phoofolo matsoalloa a moo.
• Ho sireletsa libaka ho ikatisa ya mefuta khoebo.
• Hloekisa mabaka spawning, makhulo, linōka le spawning aggregations ea liphoofolo.
• Ho fetiswa ha tsebo ea setso ka kalafo le mekhoa tsehetso ea hlabollo-mahlahahlaha tšusumetso ho batho. Baholo le shaman ne litaba tseo. Ho phaella moo, batho ba matsoalloa a moo ho tloha bongoaneng tseba theknoloji ea thatafatsa, ba kopanela le koetlisitsoeng. Kaha e-ba lilemo li leshome, bana ba ile ba khona ho matha dithulaganyo tse ngata tlhahiso.

Kamoo e tla fetoha ha tlelaemete ama batho ba matsoalloa a moo ho Arctic?

northerners Millennium hlokahala ho tloaela maemo a boima ao. Lipalo-palo li bontša hore baahi ba moo ba ho pheta-pheta a bone ho futhumala, e tsidifatso tsa boemo ba leholimo ka. Empa ba ile ba khona ho fetisa tlwaetsa ho whims joalo ea tlhaho. Lichaba tsa lilemo ba ne ba sebetsa ka mawa mehlodi ya tlhaho le mekhoa ea ho lemalla. Tsena li akarelletsa:

1. thuso e se nang boithati ho ba hlokang. lichaba tsa boahelani thusa e mong le e tse ling tse le maemong a thata.
2. Tsamaiso. Arctic lichaba matsoalloa ka potlako fallela sebakeng se seng haeba ho hlokahala. E nahana ka tsela eo o ka sehloohong oa phela ka batho ba moo boemo ba leholimo.
3. Ithuta mekhoa e mecha ea tlhaho. Ka mohlala, baahi ba Chukotka a qetella a tsebile kamoo ho hōla litapole le ho hōlisa lipere.

Ho phela joalo tikolohong e sehlōhō ha ho bonolo. Leha ho le joalo, northerners etsa mosebetsi o babatsehang ka mosebetsi ona. Ke 'nete hore serame matla, bosiu Polar, pula hangata e kena-kenana le ea ka tšebetso ea e rarahaneng liindasteri, mosebetsi oa lik'hamphani tse ngata ka nako ena e sa emisitswe. Empa o thusa ho sebakeng le ho ntshetsa pele le ho fumana mekhoa e mecha ea tsoelo-pele ea tikoloho.