Lapeng gusevodstve

UDC 636.598

lapeng gusevodstve

Likhantši - e kholo e behang likhoho, batho ba baholo ho bekha 7-8 lik'hilograma, e le khantsi e behela ho tloha ho 15 ho 60 kapa ho feta mahe a bekha 150-220 g, ho tloha batho ba baholo ho ea ka fumana kg tse tšeletseng tsa nama, dikgerama 500 tsa mafura ka tsa bohlokoa, e sebediswa ka mafolofolo moriana le pharmacology, le k'holeseterole e tlaase haholo, 'me ka fattening khethehileng - delicatessen sebete bekha ho fihlela ho 700 g, .. The likhantši - mefuta e nonyana feela, e leng o ka fumana ka nako ya bophelo bohle tsa boleng bo holimo fatše le masiba, e leng ka makhetlo a mabeli e ntle durability khoho. Goose mocha ho itima lijo ho hōla goslings phela boima ba 'mele ka likhoeli pele tse peli tsa ho lema ea eketseha ka makhetlo a fetang 40. Likhantši phethahetseng sebelisa makhulong, 'me ka ho ba sieo ha nonyana leha e le efe e ka fepa ho tala. Phahameng tlhahiso, tsela e bonolo ka ho ya ka dikahare, matla a ho jang roughage ka boemo bo phahameng ba faeba - litsobotsi life tse bohlokoa bakeng sa ba ileng ba etsa qeto ea ho bakang nonyana.

makgetheng tsa likokoana-hloko le tsa moruo

Likhantši na le makgetha a ho likokoana-hloko le tsa moruo tse khethollang ba tloha dimela tse ling tsa likhoho:

• · Matla a ho sebelisa lekhulo le jang chelete e khōlō ea e tala succulent fepa ka le dikahare tse phahameng tsa faeba;
• · The matla a ho tsoarellang, moruong ho ka lokafatsoang ho sebelisa (lilemo tse fetang 3), ha a ntse a ba phela lilemo tse 20-25. A tšobotsi e khethehileng ho tswa ho mefuta e meng ea likhoho e eketseha tlhahiso ea lehe ka selemo sa bobeli le la boraro ha ho bapisoa le pele;
• · Young likhantši nakong ea likhoeli tse peli pele ea bophelo e na le kgolo ya eneji, le phahameng haholo. Ho feta moo, ka khoeli ea pele ea ho hōla ya eneji, ke 200, ka bobeli - 96, oa boraro - 17%. Tsobotsi ena e sebelisoa ka likokoana-hloko matla gusevodstve moo gusjat broilers ne hōlileng ka nama ho fihlela ho libeke tse 9 tsa lilemo;
• · Goose masiba le fatše fapaneng elasticity le matla, absorption tlaase metsi le mogote conductivity, ea etsang hore ba ea bohlokoa lintho tse bonahalang e tala bakeng sa tlhahiso ea masiba-fatše;
• · Lebaka masiba le letšo-letšo le khantsi e ka mamella motsotsoana a akhela mocheso ho tloswa 25-30 ° C. Tsosa mocheso ka holimo 32-34 ° C mmoho bakang wheezing likhantši le senyeha li le boemong bo akaretsang, ho joalo le ka chesang tsa lehlabula nako ba lokela ho ba le e hlakisang kapa matamo.

The go tlhoka mesola ya likhantsi kenyeletsa:

• · Batlang e tlaase fecundity le tlhahiso ea lehe, moqotetsane ho kopanela liphate karo-karolelano (1: 3). Ha para ea likhoho nama ka fumana 125-150 litsuonyana tloha para ea turkeys - 50-60 turkeys, ka nako eo ke para ea likhantši - ha ho ho feta 30-40 goslings;
• · A Peresente phahameng tsa mafura ka setopo sa, ea lilemo li likhoeli tse tharo 'me ba fetang dikahare lona fihla 25-30% ka lebaka la mafura a subcutaneous le ho fihlela ho 10% ka lebaka la ka hare;
• · Late thobalano matla khōlong e feletseng (matsatsi a 240-310). Khanya bakang likhantši li qalang ho bolt pele boima;
• · Ntlafatsoa sekamela ho incubating (qhotsoa ho tloha 30 ho ea ho 60% ea liphoofolo);
• · Eggs beha ka ntle ho sehlaha (40%).

Bakang le bakang lihlopha tsa likhantši

Ho na le lihlopha tse tharo tsa mafika: boima (nama le greasy), seaplane (le khabisitsoeng le) le khanya (lehe). Pele ho kenyeletsa tsohle ntseng e tsoela pele ea kajeno kgolo - Kholmogorskaya, emdenskuyu, Toulouse, Landes, ka ea bohlooho kgolo. Nama ea likhantši tsa mefuta e sa na le palo e khōlō ea mafura. From ba boetse ho na le tse mafura sebete boima ba 600-800, sehlopha bobeli ho akarelletsa ho theipi kapa Curly Sebastopol likhantši. Baemeli ba sehlopha sa boraro ke Machaena, Kuban, Adler, Setaliana.

Kholmogory bakang le hlahileng libakeng tsa libaka Central Black Lefatšeng. Ke tsa khale-khale tse ruuoang bakang sa likhantsi le matšoao ntle a moruo-e metle. Nonyana e na le molao wa motheo wa matla, shoeng, hantle acclimated. Mike mike le nonyana batho ba baholo ba le phahameng solofetsa. Ka fattening matla ho matsatsi a 60 likhantši lilemo fihle e phelang boima ba 'mele oa ka 4 lik'hilograma lijo ka theko ea lik'hilograma 3 ka ho ya ka tse 1 kg hōla. Likhantši Kholmogory bakang le hlahileng ho pholletsa le karolo e bohareng ea naha.

Kholo ea bohlooho lefika la ka a bōpa ka sebakeng Tambov ke tšela Romny likhantši tloha Toulouse. Selection ile etsoa ka tataiso ea eketseha boima ba 'mele le ho hlahisoeng lehe. Mele ea likhantši tebileng le ka bophara. Utloisisa mesifa. Solofetsa ea linonyana ba banyenyane le batho ba baholo molemo. Misa likhantši tsa matsatsi a 60 ba lilemong tsa ho 3.5-4.0 lik'hilograma. Goose hantle fuama hōla le likhantši, undemanding ho boleng metsi, hantle fula 'me ba je lijo-thollo-padalitsu.Krupnyh likhantši bohlooho sebelisoa e le diforomo tsa habo ntat'a bona ha tšela le Pereyaslavskaya Kuban, Rhine le Chinese gusjat bakeng sa broiler.

Kuban bakang nkiloeng ke basebetsi ba lefapha la tsa likhoho Kuban State University Agrarian. Bird bakang ena e na le ho ikamahanya le maemo le utloahalang la ho maemo a tikoloho Krasnodar sebakeng le phahameng polokeho bakeng sa ho hōla mocha (95-97%) le diteng tsa baahi ba batho ba baholo. Misa gusjat likhoeli 2 la lilemo 3.5-3.7 lik'hilograma. Kubanskie likhantši ntle tshebediso ya makhulong le na le phahameng lehe tlhahiso ea (ho fihlela ho 95-100 likotoana) bekha 150 g,

Ka gusevodstve bohlale ho sebelisa crossbreeding ho hlahisa poone e nyalisitsoeng lebasetere. E le expedient ho sebelisa motsoali e mong lefika Kuban, Sechaena, 'me Mataliana Rhine likhantši ho ba le thari e phahameng, hammoho le a habo ntat'a bona - e kholo ea bohlooho landshskih, Lind la Toulouse likhantši, ho ba le palo e phahameng ea ho hōla.

dikahare

Kamore ea likhantši e lokela ho ba hloekileng, e omeletseng, hantle ventilated, ntle le ngotse hangata. Ngotse hangata le dampness fokotsa tlhahiso ea likhoho. Insulated mokatong le e phahameng ka holimo fatše, haeba ho hlokahala, ka ho 15-20 cm,. E lokela ho ba sa keneleng metsi le ho thibela litoeba ka mabota kamore plastered le tšoaroa ka karolo ea 20 lekholong kalaka seretse. Windows entse bophahamo ba cm, 50 ho tloha fatše, ka khanya boemong mokatong e lokela ho ba ka tlase ho 15 lux. Likhoho ntlo e lokela ho a hlomelloa le futhumatsang le ventilation, fana ka bakeng sa monyetla oa ho karohano, ho molemo ho letlooeng dia ka likarolo. Room bophahamo ba temana eo e lokela ho ba bonyane 2 m ho tloha leboteng -. Ha ka tlase ho tse 1,7 limithara Lazy bakeng sa nonyana le fensetere ka lehlakoreng ka boroa kapa boroa-bochabela ea mohaho. Marulelong ba lokela ho sireletsa nonyana ho tloha pula.

E sa amoheleheng holimo-petetsana tsa linonyana ka kamoreng ena gets bukkake litšila, robehile microclimate le matla haholo le katiso ea microflora isang e incidence haholoanyane tsela likhantši. Ka libakeng tse e ka leboea le e bohareng ea mehaho ea naha bakeng sa likhantši haha kene lekokong ho ea ka boroa, ho letsatsi ho feta khantša kamore, 'me ka libaka e ka boroa, moo ho na le feteletseng la mahlaseli a kotsi a letsatsi, - e ka boroa-bophirimela kapa boroa-bochabela.

A tshusumetso e khōlō ka bophelo bo botle le boiketlo likhantši e fetolela matlakala, puso ea eona e itšetlehile ka mocheso le mongobo. E le matlakala e sebediswa e mengata e fapaneng thepa: sawdust, shavings, litlhaka, sphagnum peat, fatše poone cobs, sonobolomo likhoele kapa nyalothe. Mealo e lokela ho ba o omileng, e hloekileng, hygroscopic, free ho tloha hlobo. Matlakala ho tloha tse bonahalang dimela, ho phaella ho ea bohloeki ba eona, iphuthumatsa fatše. Ka hoetla le mariha, sebelisa mofuthu mealo - litlhaka, peat; ka ea lehlabula - lehlabathe le sawdust. Goose ka batho ba baholo ka selemo ho hlokahala hore ho lokisetsa lik'hilograma tse 40 tsa lintho tse bonahalang matlakala.

Lokelang dikahare likhantši jese litheohelang matlakala - ena Feather joalo, litšila, disheveled, 'me e ba tse mpe e lule e mocheso. Mabapi le ena oa soahlamana tshebediso e behang ea fepa ka ho e fokotsehile 'mele ho itoanela, e leng isang sefuba. E lokela ho a hopola hore e hloekileng masiba likhantši sireletsa ho tswa hypothermia. Ka qala ho ea batang, pele rala matlakala tebileng, ho ke ke ho hotle ho fafatsa omileng mokatong slaked llaeme kapa hydrated kalaka ka tekanyo ea lik'hilograma 0.5-1 ka 1 sq. limithara lisekoere. Ebe larileng ka bethe ea dita nyenyane, e sithabetseng poone cobs, sawdust, hasesaane lehlokoa botenya ba seng ka tlase ho 5 'me a sa cm, ho feta 15. The beha fepa ka holimo, nosetsang le sockets. Tebileng phetoho matlakala ha u fetola likhantši mokga kapa nako (ho oa kapa selemo).

Tlaase le dithemparetjha, haholo-holo ka nako ya ho ikatisa, ka ka tsela e hlollang ho fokotsa lehe rala likhantši, mocheso e lokela ho ke a oa mona ka tlase -4-5 ° C. Ka tlaase mocheso ho ka 'na fella ka fokotsehile hatchability mahe ka lebaka la leqhoa.

Ho likhantsi sebelisoa ho etsa lehe ka sebaka sa ka kamoreng, ha ho ka morao ho feta khoeli pele ho qala ho ea mokatekista, beha hammoho le soketeng leboteng ka tekanyo ea sehlaha le mong bakeng sa likhantši 2-3. Ka ho hloka ea bona ea likhantši e ka ho phethahatsoa ka libaka tse poteletseng. The sockets sebelisa matlakala e tšoanang, joalokaha e etsahala Gusyatnikov. Kaha likhantši li matha hoseng, e le hore ho qoba ho silafatsoa ea mahe, matlakala ka sehlaheng lokela ho spiked mantsiboea. E sa kgothaletswa ho beha sehlaha khahlanong le marako a batang 'me ka libaka tsa ka leseli le khanyang ka ho toba. litekanyo ka hare la dihlaha e ke tse latelang :. bophara - 0.4-0.5 limithara, bolelele 0,65 limithara, bophahamo - 0.6-0.65 limithara, linate bophahamo - 0,01 limithara lihlaha entsoe ka lehong, plywood, kapa tse ling tse thepa le hantle e le hore ba bonolo ho li fumana ho tokiso.

Feeders bakeng sa likhantši etsa joalo ho qoba tahlehelo e khōlō ea fepa ka. Ba e lokela ho ba leseli, phutholohile. Ba ka entsoe ka mapolanka, plywood kapa thepa e 'ngoe. Feeders e lokela ho ba ho lekaneng ho e qoba Hustle nakong fepa likhantsi. Bakeng sa additives matsoai sebediswa feeders le liphaposi tse ngata: lehlohlojane, a lejoe la mokoetla, likhetla. Feeders fanyehoa ka ba bolelele ba cm, 20 ho tloha fatše. Bakeng sa ho fepa le boima tala e entsoeng ka senoelong toddlers mofuta. thepa eohle e tla lula ho hloekileng.

Tlas'a noang likhantši batho ba baholo sebelisa troughs, linkho kapa ditshelo tse ding. Ho thibela spray troughs metsi mounted ka diterei la, koahetsoeng ka tšepe kapa letlooa lehong. Ka mariha, e le hore metsi a ka ha le hatsele, insulated senoelong kapa ho nako le nako a tšela ka metsi a chesang. Ho haella ha metsi, haholo-holo ka boemo ba leholimo e chesang, ea isang ho lefu le boima ba linonyana.

Aviary e beha ka lehlakoreng le ka boroa ea moaho, ho lokela ho ba le canopies ho tloha letsatsi le pula. Itlhatsoa likhantši amohela ka setshelo loketse, nako le nako phaella ka ho re metsi ho boemo ba ka kamehla. Area ka nonyana e lokela ho ba bonyane 1 sq. m - bakeng sa likhantsi, 5 sq. m - bakeng sa liphoofolo le monyenyane, 15 sq. limithara -for batho ba baholo. Ha overcrowding nonyana kamoreng fumana litšila, mpefala moea puso, e leng ho ka etsa hore lefu le boima ba likhantsi. Empa ka nako e tšoanang tekanyo ea lema segokanyipalo sa e itšetlehile ka maemo a klimate. Libakeng tse ka boroa, moo nonyana e qeta boholo ba letsatsi leo ka paddock, ho lema segokanyipalo sa ka e ile ea eketseha ho 2,5 ka hlooho 1 lisekoere. limithara sebakeng sa mokatong ntlo.

Bakeng sa nako e mofuthu ka ho a hlomelloa le malapeng a selefouno go tlhofofadiwa mofuta bakeng sa tlhokomelo ya 15-50 likhantši. The foreime ntlo e entsoe ka mekoallo kapa sekhutlo leboteng sheathe boto kapa plywood, lepolanka Flooring, marulelo a koahetsoeng ka plywood kapa mapolanka. haholo bonolo ntlo khale likhoho ka entsoe ka letlooeng, pampiri sekontiri le filimi. The foreime entsoe ka mekoallo kapa mapolanka, ho ke ke tse sa fetoheng theiboleng, 'me eketsa letlooeng fetang rulela o ile a ikutloa, kapa filimi. marulelong e entsoe ka melamu, le lekhalo therebetween tse ka bang 0,3 limithara, ka holimo e koahetsoe le ho rulela tse bonahalang kapa filimi. ntlo boholo bo bakeng sa likhantši 15 - 2,5: x 2,5 limithara, pent marulelo, le kene lekokong bophahamo - 2.1 limithara, leboteng morao -. seng ka tlase ho 1.4 limithara feeders, noang haholo le lihlaha lokela ho etsa tse nkehang habobebe le mounted ho u se ke ua silafatsa naha. Seka-bulehileng aviary khale e hahiloeng ka tsela e tšoanang le ea mehleng, feela kene lekokong e koaloa ka mapolanka ho ba bolelele ba ka bang tse 0.6, 'me ho tloha fatše,' me ka holimo - e ntle-letlooeng letlooa. Lehlabuleng la aviary ena ke bonolo haholo, hobane likhantši li 'nile ka ntle.

Puso fisioloji ea linonyana e haholo angoa ke molting. Daily goslings ba koahetsoeng ka tlase. Ha libeke tse 3 tsa lilemo, goslings fuzz qala ho nkeloa sebaka ke pene mathomo, 'me ka 10-beke khale molt mike mike se hlahile. Ka nako ena tekanyo kgolo ya mocha fokotseha tshebediso ya fepa ka ka yuniti ya eketseha ho hōla. Thehoa ka "hemp" 'mele oa ka rudiments nonyana ea masiba a macha ho le thata ho tlosa ho tswa ho litopo nakong sebetsa, kahoo, ho ke ke bohlale ho bolaea le likhantši tsa nama pele ho molt mike mike kapa mora phethoa. Ke likhoeli tse 4 lilemo li kae, le likhantši bacha ba ka botlalo koaheloa ke pene ya nonyana batho ba baholo, ka nako eo likhantši molt makhetlo a 2 ka selemo - ka ea lehlabula le hoetla. Qetellong ea selemo ho ikatisa nako ka May - June tsa khaotsa lehe-rala, decreases le matla spermatogenesis ka Gusakov, boima ba 'mele ba fokotseha ka 20-30%. Lehlabula fihla ho molt likhantši, e leng nakong eo ka bang 2 dikgwedi, ka ho feletseng tloswa masiba tsohle. Leha ho le joalo, ka mor'a libeke tse 3 ka mor'a hore likhantši pele moulting moult a hoetla, mathoasong a ka lekhetlo la bobeli, 'me liphetoho ha li masiba tsohle,' me "feela tse nyenyane 'me bohareng pene.

Le khantsi setopo e tlosoa ka 250-300 g, pene, ho akarelletsa le dikgerama 50-60 tsa fluff. Masiba le fatše tsa likhantši tse ka ho fetisisa mofuthu le molemo. Ho molemo ho feta ho bakang likhantši le masiba tšoeu e le khantsi e masiba bohlooho hakanyetsoa ho 20-30% theko e tlaase ho feta tšoeu. E le hore ho eketsa pokello ea masiba a likhantsi le fatše, ho ka etsahala hore ba phethe ba babeli-nako (nakong ea mofuthu) intravital Oschipko likhantši, 'me e ka boroa 3rd ka nako e loketseng le ho nepahetse leeme Oschipko likhantši ka eketsa khumo ea masiba tse nyenyane le tse fatše hoo e ka bang ka makhetlo a 2. Linaheng tse ngata le likhoho pele e etsoa ka makhetlo a mabeli selemong sena kha masiba ho isa nakong e sa tlhaho molting linonyana lilemo, boemo fisioloji. Ea nang le tsebo Oschipko sa bakela bohloko likhantši. Tabeng ena feela likhantši kha fatše 'me masiba a seng makae a coverts' mele.

ho ikatisa

Ka likhantši ho hlaka a bontša takatso ea ho theha banyalani ba tsitsitseng, kahoo Gusakov kabo ea lihlahisoa tsa pele ho nako ea selemo ho ikatisa, e thehiloeng khantsi e mong - likhantsi 3-4. Young Gusakov mojaro e fokotsehile. The nako ya tshebediso ya likhantsi mohlape e le itšetlehile ka bakang 'me palo ea mahe raloa. Ntseng e tsoela pele le tlhahiso ea tlaase lehe le hatching mahe bolokwa bohlale ba tlhaho ba libuka lilemo tse 5-6. Likhantši le tlhahiso ea phahameng lehe le bakang boima nonneng lilemo tse 3-4. Poleloana e reng tshebediso ya hantle, proven Gusakov ka eketsa ho fihlela ho lilemo tse 10-12.

A gander ntle ka lepheo la di tse peli tse nyenyane masiba (dikere) le masiba a leshome e ka sehloohong ea odara pele le la bobeli, e tšoanang e lokela ho tsamaisong e ka holimo ka tlaase le e mohatla masiba. khumo mocha haholo itšetlehile ka ho kopanela liphate Gusakov. Active qalong ya ho ikatisa nako (February ho June) Gussaki dula a sebetsang a ho fihlela qetellong. Ho feta moo, ho kopanela liphate Gusakov ka selemo sa bobeli le la boraro a ka eketsa, e lokela ho elwa hloko.

Ho bohlokoa ho qoba inbreeding e le ho qoba degeneration tsa mohlape ka ka lebaka la inbreeding. Moo ha ba sebelise ikatisa hloekileng, e le ho tsela ka fumana e bacha lebasetere le polelo e reng le leholo la khoebo - matšoao metle.

Batlang ho boloka polasing ea hae ke e 'meli kapa ho feta sockets lelapa e lokela ho tseba hore ke ho hotle ho beha lelapa ka melikong fapaneng le paddock, ho seng joalo Gussaki ka loana. Ka nako ea selemo ho ikatisa Gussaki matsatsi a seng makae ka 'na ba lule ba lapile, lebelang tse tšehali tsa bona ho tloha ba bang Gusakov.

Lehe rala likhantši - ho tloha mahe a 10 ho isa ho 50 ka selemo. Haholo-holo khanya mefuta likhantši fihle khōlong e feletseng ho kopanela liphate ka likhoeli tse 6 tsa lilemo, tse boima lefika loketse ho bakang le likhoeli tse 9 feela. Weight likhantsi mahe ke tloha 150 ho 190g (karolelano 170g). Matla tlhahiso ea lehe tsoela pele likhoeli 3,5-9. Ka nako ea poloko ea le khantsi e mahe a - matsatsi a 28-30.

Tsoalo likhantši angoa ke: moea mocheso, tatelano ya bosiu le motšehare, ka nako ya motšehare. Khanya e hlasimollang: kgolo le ntshetsopele ya likhoho le, matla khōlong e feletseng, molting, e le qalo ea ho hlahisoeng lehe ea ama qetellong ea tlhahiso lehe.

Long motšehare eketsa kena bonneng kapa bosaling linonyana, hampe ama boleng ba khetla, 'me lehe le boima. A phokotso bohale bolelele tsa motšehare e etsa hore molting pele ho nako le cessation ea tlhahiso lehe.

Ho phaella moo, ho ikatisa nako ea spermatogenesis ka Gusakov qala, hangata 1-2 libeke tse ka morao ho ka ho likhantši lehe-rala, ho joalo le ka mahe a pele hangata dula unfertilized. Keketseho ea bolelele ba lihora tse motšehare ho tloha lihora tse 8 ho ea ho 14, le ileng la qala hoo e ka bang 7-10 matsatsi a pele ho qala ha likhantši lehe-rala eketsa ho lokisetsa Gusakov e le qalo ea ho ikatisa nako.

Tlas'a maemo a tloaelehileng, ha motšehare o qala ho jara likhantši ho elella bofelong ba February kapa mathoasong a March. Haeba ho hlokahala, o ka re susumelletsa hore letsatsi qalang tsa ralang le ho fela January - qalong ea February, ha o bopa e microclimate Optimum ka January Gusyatnikov, ke hore, ho boloka ka jareteng ka holimo-lefela mocheso le motšehare lihora tse keketseho ea ho lihora tse 14, ho sebelisa mabone maiketsetso. Joalo puso o lokela ho lula a nako e telele e le motšehare tsa tlhaho e ke ke ea lekana le lihora tse 14 ka linako tse ling, a etsa hore likhantši bobeli -. Hoetla - tlhahiso ea lehe potoloho, ka tsela eo e ntseng e eketseha tsoalo ba bona ka 2 linako tse ling.

Goose potlakela ka letsatsi, e le hore esita le nonyana e fokolang ya tla jara bonyane khoeli. Ho joalo, haeba u rera ho fumana malinyane, ho ke ho hlokahala hore ho nahana ka lintho tse matsatsi a 30-40. Nako ho hlokahala hore ho tlosa mahe ho tloha dihlaha e, spongebob ka bona mabokose a ka lera e le 'ngoe, ka go tlhaolega ka dita kapa sawdust. Mahe bokella ho tswa lihlaha letšoao molemo - tswa likhantsi le letsatsi la teyagulwe po. Mahe a molemo ka ho fetisisa a 'na a ka lebokose lebokoso ka mocheso oa 7-13 ° C, letsatsi le letsatsi ho retelehela ka lehlakoreng le lebokose ka tsela e tšoanang. Le jwalo polokelo embryos ka mahe a lula ba phela nako e teletsana.

thato ea nako e kae le mahe a? Haholo ha e ntse e ka futhumatsa le khantsi, hangata 11-13 diyuniti. Tlas'a likhantši tse khōlō kenyeletsa eketsehileng tlas'a tse nyenyane - tlase. Ho ke ke bohlokwa hore khoho e hantle mahe sireletsehileng tseo.

Joale potso e khōlō: mokhoa oa ho etsa hore le khantsi e hatching mahe, haholo-holo haeba e le 'mè khoho ea sethuthutshi ka boyona? Ho lokela ho eketsa mocheso ambient - pontšo ho incubating. Ka Gusyatnikov lokela ho hlaha mocheso, eketsa mocheso moea, bonyane hanyenyane. Ha likhantsi rassids, le hitara ka reteleha theoha.

ntlha e 'ngoe ea bohlokoa: sehlaha sa lla o feela lokela ho lokisetsa hang le bakeng sa bohle, hore ke moo likhantsi sefofane ho tsoa' me ba lokela ho hatching. Khale matlakala lokela ho chesoa hammoho le likokoana-hloko ena. Sehlaheng tšela matlakala e ncha, u se ke ua lebala ho eketsa lengana, ka holim'a sekotjana sa ho etsa kholo qeta ho fetolela pene. Ha likhantši tsohle lula ka sehlaheng, re ba fa rassidetsya matsatsi a 2-3. Bakeng sa rassizhivaniya hlokahala hore larileng ka ka sehlaheng bonyane tse pedi kapa mahe tse tharo. E ka 'na ea mahe a thusang mafutsana boleng - ya sebopeho kamehla, ka likhetla le mofutsana, o lilemo li, joalo-joalo

Keketseho ea mocheso moea, hammoho le mahe a, se rapaletse sehlaha, e tla thusa ho etsa bonnete ba hore le khantsi e tla lieha nako e teletsana ka lebokoseng le ka mor'a tla beha lehe. Mahe a hape rapaletse sehlaha sa, la halefisa receptors ka likhantsi mala, eo le eena evokes le reflex brooding. Ha o bopa maemo ana ka tlung, phello e tla ke ua nka nako e telele. Ha likhantsi rassids hore ke ka thata-thata ho lula ho ba mahe a 2-3 a lema, ba ka nkeloa sebaka ke mahe boleng bo phahameng beha bakeng sa polokelo ka mabokoseng lebokoso. Ho tloha nakong eo e qala ho bala nako ea poloko. Mahe rala molemo bosiung ba la 13-15 PC. tlas'a e mong le e le khantsi e ho itšetlehile ka mocheso le ka ntle le ka matlung, boleng ba likhantši le mahe a, empa ho Goose 'mele oa hae ka ho feletseng pata mahe a lema.

Ha hatching likhantsi lokela ho ba mahala ho fihlella ho fepa le metsi sebakeng seo mor'a ntlo kapa a tšolotsoeng ho. Nakong ea ho fepa hlahloba sehlaheng hloekileng e sithabetseng lehe. Ka mor'a ho hloekisa sehlaheng le mahe a ea likhantši mathang, ho etsa bonnete ba hore ha ba tšoaroa ka sekotjana fosahetseng. Ho eketsa ka lihlahisoa ya goslings, likhantsi-mahe tlasa khoho molemo sebakeng se ka morao ho 10-12 matsatsi a ka mor'a ho rala gola ka botlalo - 5-7.

Ba bang ba leka ho etsa tsohle a likhantsi hatching ka nako e tšoanang. Sena se nolofalletsa ho broods esita-hōlileng ea likhantši, eo ba qala ho khanna likhantši mohlape tloaelehileng. Batho ba bang ba khetha ho etsa sitters e soketeng ka mahe a bokella, ka tsela eo e ntseng e eketseha palo yohle ya mahe 'me a etsa se loketseng bakeng sa ho hatching mahe a bophelo raka, athe ka ho khetheha.

Ha mohlankana e mong le khantsi e motse hatching, ebe decayed ke tšekamelo ea tlhaho ho eona 'me o ile a tloha sehlaheng, u se ke ua potlakela ho lahla eona. Selemong se latelang, mohlomong ho tla ba e ntle le khoho, le mahe a selemo sa bobeli sa likhantsi ba 15-20% ho feta bacha. "Talenta" likhantši brooding futsitse. Ho joalo, ho hlwaya esita le ea mong khoho e ntle, u tla lula ho khona ho eketsa palo ea bona, ba siea moloko oa barali ba likhantsi le. Le e ntle khoho ka tlhokomelo e loketseng lilemo tse seng kae e tla u sebeletsa ka botšepehi.

Ha ho qetela matsatsi a 7 pele a khaotsa ho tsuba mahe ho tloha likhantši le kenngoa ka sekotlolo se le seng ka metsi a chesang (35-40 ° C) e le hore ba ka bolokolohi a phaphametse, mahe le goslings phelang ka mor'a nakoana a qala ho ea tetema. Kgethile mahe a phele ka evenly hasana tlas'a likhantši e. Ka letsatsi la 28, ba bang ba ho kgothaletsa mahe le spray metsi. Ka likhantši khanya baka Pip qala ka letsatsi 27 tsa poloko, ho ntseng e tsoela pele e kholo - 28 - 29 metsotso e, 'me letsatsi la 30-31 - feletseng malinyane.

Haeba kamoreng e batang, e poloko nako ka 'na ba fuoa matsatsi a 30, ke hore Pip le khumo qala metsotso e 31 feela ka letsatsi. Mocheso ambient phetha karolo ea bohlokoa haholo bophelong ba nonyana ena.

Joale o lokela ho etsa qeto: Na nka goslings siea ntlo kapa tlas'a 'mè.

Haeba khoho e boima 'me ba sokameng,' me malinyane hlaha disjointed, ke hore, e mong a se a ntse a ne a omisitsoeng, letsatsi lohle lebisa phela bophelo ba mafolofolo, 'me ba bang ba mahe a ntse a bua leshano tlas'a nonyana, ke ea pele ho hlokahala hore ho etsa bonnete ba hore tlas'a khetla litsuonyana phela, fatše mahe tse setseng ka metsi, ba ne ba lokela ho susumelletsa, ho itšoara joalokaha eka ba phela. Loha goslings e tšoanang, ka mor'a hore ba omella tsamaee, ho molemo ho nka ka tlung. Ketsahalo hatchlings etsa likhantsi phahamisa fetang sehlaha e le a se ke a silakanya bana ba banyenyane, 'me ba a sa ntse a le mahe, ha ba sebele pholileng le ka' na esita le shoa. Litsuonyana molemo a 'na a futhumetseng, ka lebokose lebokoso, moo mocheso ka bang 30 ° C le emela hore khumo setseng. Fokolang gusjat kenngoa ka futhumatsang lebokose moo mocheso e ba lula ba ka bang 35 ° C se. Goslings a matla le ho feta bosiu ka tsela e tsoanang ea behiloeng tlas'a mapheo a likhantši. Goslings ka thoko ho tswa ho-'mè ba bona e ke ke ea boloka nako e telele - tloaetse ho motho, ba ile ba ha di loketseng ho khantsi e. Baa lumela hore ba goslings likhantsi, ho shebella boitšoaro ba bo-'mè. Pele goslings bosiu tseba le ho aba fetang Goose ena. Ha ke e mong oa bona, ba tla kopana le goslings tse ling tse ngata kgethile 'me ba tsamaisa tlas'a lepheo la likhantši tse ling. Nakong e tlang, ho tla ba le k'horase tsa mohlape tlas'a tšireletso ea likhantši kaofela le gander.

Hantle, haeba khoho hao ka hloko le ka tsebo itshwara ka sehlaheng, ka nako eo u se ke ua tšoenyeha - ha lelinyane le leng ke ke ha lebaloa kapa hushed fihlela kaliyo. O ka nako ena e tla feela lokela ho etsa bonnete ba hore goslings ne ba lokolohile ho tlohela sehlaheng le khutlela teng. Ho etsa sena, lokisetsa bona khumo fumaneha le input ka sekotjana sa. Ka hare ho mahlong matlakala haufi sehlaha, u lokela ho beha sekotlolo metsi le floating tebang ka lijo tsa masea, le lijo-thollo le ka nkhong ea metsi bakeng sa bo-'mè ba bona. Bucket - ho goslings ne a ke ke fumana ka setshelo ka metsi le khangoa ka eona.

likhantsi ntle haufi-ufi tlhokomelo bana ka nako ya heats ka mor'a lijo, bitseng ka sekotjana sa. Sehlaheng lokela ho setse beke, joale tlosoa, 'me sebakeng sa lona ho lahlela e armload khōlō tsa lehlokoa omileng. Lula u ikutloisitse bohloko tla behoa holim'a hloekileng le thabisa haholo. Haeba e se a ntse a mofuthu, ho goslings le 'mè oa ka lokolloa holim'a joang hang-hang, hang ha ba ntse ba ka kholiseho ema ka maoto a bona. Ha e le likhantši tse seng kae, ka nako eo leleka ho lekhulo ho tloaelehile hore batho ka etsahala feela ka mor'a hore 'mè oa le bana ba hantle hopoloa e mong le tse ling. Hobane ka linako tse ling sa hlokomele goslings nka hloa ho mofuthu ho fihlela ho ya mama motho e mong. Tse ling tsa likhantsi, ke hore ba itšoare ka mabifi hakae ikutloeleng basele litsuonyana ka esita le lematsa goslings e nyenyane.

Goslings na le matla a maholo e phahameng ea ho hōla, le ho phahama haholo-holo ka potlako ka khoeli ea pele ea bophelo. Ha letsatsi li likhantši phela boima ba 100-120 g,, ka 30 letsatsi - ho feta lik'hilograma 2. Bakeng sa matsatsi a 60-70 tlas'a goslings e ntle ho hōla ho fepa le ho eketsa boima ba 'mele ea bona ka lekhetlo la pele ka linako tse ling 35-40, fihla lik'hilograma 4-4.5.

Ho na le tse peli tse fapaneng le maikutlo a ka moo tabeng ena e lokela ho gander. Ba bang ba lumela hore nakong ea poloko le khumo bana Gusakov ho Goose molemo tsoela-hang. Ho se khutsitseng, mofuthu, boemo ba leholimo e monyenyane le 'm' ae le chabile ke tsoa ka mohloa le ho "sunbathe" ka tsatsi le ho lumelloa haufi gander, ho shebella hore na o tla itšoara joang. Ba bang ba sa fetolela likhantsi sebakeng se fapaneng ha likhantsi lutse mahe, ba lumela hore ba ke ke a etsa joalo ha 'me e ke amehileng maikutlo haholo. Utloang squeak ya litsuonyana, ho tlakoloha ka soketeng e, pokes hlooho ea hae ka hare, le thahasello, mohla a kileng a khopisa goslings. thabile haholo ha e le khantsi e qala ho hlaha ho tloha sehlaheng le goslings.

Boima ba phele ka ea likhantši e na le e phahameng liphatsa tsa lefutso a iponahatsa, ke hore e ntle fetiselitseng. Gusevod haeba a lakatsa, ka haholo ka katleho ho eketsa ba phele ka boima ba 'mele ea likhantši le hlahileng bona, ho khetha bakeng sa mahe poloko e khōlō' me ba siea moloko khōlō ea likhantši. From mahe kgolo tla di behilwe kgolo goslings diurnal ho tloha eo e tla hōla e kholo likhantši mocha. Ha gusevod tla phetha ho ikatisa bona mohlape, ba ne ba tla ba le mahe a kgolo, 'me joalo-joalo. Ka lebaka leo, e boima ba 'mele ba phele ka ea likhantši ikatisa tla tsoha ka potlako. Leha ho le joalo, e lokela ho jere hopola hore ka nako e tšoanang ka fuoa tsoalo mohlape lekaneng linonyana tla fokotseha: hlahisoeng ha lehe, tsoalo le hatchability mahe. Sena ke ka lebaka la ho ditshwaelo tsa kamano ea lintho tse phelang pakeng tsa boima ba 'mele ea likhoho le lona tsoalo: hlahisoeng ha lehe, tsoalo le hatchability mahe, kahoo ho hlapholla Ptitsevod likhantši khetha homolog' mele boima ba likhoho farmed, eo ha e thibele pontšo ea tsoalo phahameng le breeders ka ho feletseng motho ka mong mocha ea boholo loketseng. Ho ka tsela e tsoanang bohlokoa ho siea lelapa la ntle ho likhantši le tlhahiso ea phahameng lehe le Gusakov le mosebetsi phahameng thobalano.

le mahe a kaofela ha likhantši sebelisoa ho hlahisa goslings, kahoo tsoalo ea bona 'me hatchability lokela ka hohle ho boloka boemong phahameng. Ho fumana e tletseng hatching mahe, fepa likhantsi lokela ho leka-lekaneng ka intakes tsohle phepo, haholo-holo ka liprotheine le divithamini.

fepa Features

Goose - nonyana makhulo, phytophage. Likhantši boithatelo jang e ngata ea joang bo khathollang le makhulo a ke mohloli maleewana lijo. Sebelisa makhulong le metsi e na le phello e ntle ka kakaretso likhantši phelang. Ba ba khona ho ja ka letsatsi kg ea 2 ea boima tala. likhantši batho ba baholo ka makhulo a hlahisa hang-hang ka mor'a oviposition. Fula likhantši ka sebelisa moroallo le makhulo omeletseng le likhohlo. Moo ho se nang monyetla oa ho lokolloa likhantši ho makhulo a, ba ile ba ba a 'na a ka masakeng.

Ho na le litsela tse tharo tsa ho fepa likhantsi: omileng, metsi le ho kopantswe.

Ka ommeng mofuta fepa nonyana o fumana o omileng, kapa pelleted fepa ka e entsoeng ka fepa ka e tsoakiloeng, kapa metsoako lijo-thollo. mokhoa ona oa ho ho fepa hloka ho boloka feletseng le matlafatso ea lijo le metsoako a tlatsana le vithamine-diminerale iphepe. sekhahla lona ba letsatsi le letsatsi li ka beha e 'ngoe ea nako e - ka hoseng ka bunker feeders jarolla ka ho iketsa, a sa tšabe hore tshenyo. Ka mokhoa oa metsi oa fepa comminuted concentrated fepa ka e kolobisitsoeng ka metsi, e lokisa tsa lebese, bakiloeng ea lijo mokelikeli, litšila kichineng, hasesaane furu lero, nama le washings litlhapi. The e kolobisitsoeng fepa ka (setoto) e habonolo tlas'a acidification ka ea lehlabula 'me freezing nakong ea mariha. Ka lebaka leo, ba ile ba ba ba beha ka ntle ho abelang ea feela pele jang teng. Ka ho kopantswe mokhoa lijo e na le bobeli omeletseng le e mongobo ho tswa ho fepa, le omisitsoeng phoofolo ea lapeng lijo ka 'na ea feeders arohaneng tswelela pele metsi aba linako le' ngoe kapa tse peli ka letsatsi.

Furu - ke rarahaneng homogeneous motsoako oa peeled le e sithabetseng ho fihlela se lekana hlokoa feedstuffs fapaneng le microadditives fana feletseng fepa linonyana.

Hatisa iphepe ka ho feletseng (PC) le ka hlephileng granulated foromo, concentrates fepa ka le fepa ka-lehlohlojane. PC - motsoako oa ka botlalo ho fana eneji, le likhoho, phepo le metsoako biologically mafolofolo nakong ntle fepa eketsehileng le microadditives tse ling fepa ka (Lethathamo 1).

Granular fepa ka ha e arola nakong tsamaisa le ho li aba, nonyana e sa khone ho khetha likaroloana motho ya fepa ka liphoofolo, fepa ka ho leka-lekana ha a halefile, ho fokotsa tahlehelo phetha molao ka lebaka la ho qhalanela ka lerōle le. The granules ba molemo a sireletsa lintho tse biologically mafolofolo, haholo-holo carotene, divithamini; Ka ho etsa joalo granulation ka lebaka la khatello le mocheso eketseha phepo digestibility 'me ba bang inhibitors putlama (mahlahana eo fokotsa digestibility) protheine.

Furu ruisitseng microaddings - premixes.

Ea lijo-thollo lijo-thollo fepa ka likhantši lula karolo e khōlō ea lijo feela nakong ea fattening matla. Ka likhoho maemo infield sebelisa poone, koro, harese, phofo, oats, nyalothe, mabele, nyalothe, ba rye, buckwheat groats le litlhaka kahare breakable litšila (Lethathamo 2).

Likhantši tse hantle khona ho monya limatlafatsi tse ngata tala, succulent le mahoashe furu, ka lebaka la ho eo litlhoko tsa bona tsa di kopanang le bona. Motšehare, ho khantsi e khona ho ja 2 lik'hilograma, le ho feta joang bo botala, eo kopana le litlhoko tsa karolo ea bohlokoa ea 'mele oa hae ka limatlafatsi le divithamini. Ka hoetla ka mor'a nako, mariha le mathoasong a selemo likhantši hlahisa ho fihlela ho dikgerama 300 ea botle furu lijo letsatsi. E hantle ho thuisoa, eo hamolemo ama diteng tsa divithamini ka mahe le boleng ba goslings letsatsi le letsatsi. Ntle ho fula likhantši makhulong tala ho fokotsa makhetlo a 2 litsenyehelo tsa ho ba khobokellane iphepe ka unit trust ya kgolo, fokotsa ditjeo tsa mosebetsi o boima 'me theko ea nama. Active ka sebelisoa le bulky lijo tse kang poone cobs foromo particulate, nyalothe kapa habore setoto ho 200 g, ka ho ya ka hlooho. Tshebediso ya likhantsi omileng roughage ke molemo ka ho fetisisa le tse ling haeba ba le tatso le go tlaleletsa ka furu beet khobokellane le litapole phehiloeng. Likhantši hantle ho thuisoa faeba harese, oats, lierekisi. Ho tloha fepa ka le dikahare tse phahameng tsa faeba, hangata theko e tlaase, ho fokotsa ditshenyehelo le litšenyehelo tsa ho fepa likhoho. The gizzard likhantši ho na le ho phetha molao feela sila ea palo e khōlō ea lijo. Sena se ka etsahala haeba mpeng ea majoe tse nyenyane, e leng se ka 'na ba ho fihlela ho likotoana tse 30 ka nako. Ho feta moo, intestine foufetseng ka lebaka la microorganisms tse fapa-fapaneng khomaretse haholo semela likarolo ruileng faeba. Assimilation ea mafura a kena le ea lijo, likhantši ka mefuta e fapaneng ya 45-55%, haholo phahame ho feta tekanyo ka mefuta e meng ea likhoho.

Tafole 1 Sebopeho sa iphepe bakeng sa likhantši

dikarolo

fepa ka e tletseng

Feedstuff tlaase dikahare protheine

poone  

40

43

koro  

20

20

harese

7

9

Oats kapa nyalothe

3

-

sonobolomo

10

7

tomoso

2

4

matlapi a korong koro

2

2

lijo tlhapi

3

2

phofo nama-Bone

1

-

phofo ea litlama

4

4

phofo Rakushechnaya

3,5

4.5

tjhoko

3

3

letsoai

0.5

0.5

litokisetso vithamine

1

1

Kakaretso:

100

100

From succulent le tala furu silage fepa ho likhoho, lihoete, squash, tsoekere beet, litapole, k'habeche, legumes, joang le forbs. Roughage (furu, joang lijo le lithōle, makhasi) e le tala furu ruileng divithamini. Letsatsi le letsatsi sekgahla sa itšetlehile ka mofuta le le lilemo li linonyana.

Tala boima ka qetang mowed ka likhantši li fepa ho tloha feeders arohaneng, le phofshoana e - e phaella ka ho re ho setoto ka ka tjhelete e ya 40-50% ea seratsoana sa. Likhantši lefa a lebisa tlhokomelo ho mmala le monko oa lijo. Ba feta tšehetsang ya furu e tala, hantle jang limela le lehare le leqoophe lekhasi: horsetail le rantipole litlhōrō tsa limela tsa metsing - duckweed. From lijo-thollo joaloka joang koro, Meadow bluegrass, habore ba banyenyane le ba rye; legumes - lesere le clover.

Likhantši na e matla haholo ho se bone, kahoo ba ile ba ka ja lijo tse lefifing. Bosiu, haholo-holo ha mafube a hlaha, ba ile ba ba khona ho ja lijo tse ngata ho feta motšehare, kahoo gusevody siea lijo ka feeders le bosiu, e leng ntho ea bohlokoa haholo, haholo-holo ka nako ya ho ikatisa.

Tafole 2 hakanngoa hore ditlhoko melao-motheo ea ka ho likhantši fepa ka (g ka ho ya ka hlooho ka letsatsi)

poop

nako batang

Nako mofuthu

ea lijo-thollo

50

-

dierekisi mong sengoathoana

50

40

matlapi a korong koro

50

50

dierekisi sithabetseng

100

100

Grass lijo, hay, silage

500

-

Beet, lihoete, litapole

500

-

moorage

-

1500

Shell, tjhoko, a lejoe la mokoetla

15

10

letsoai

2

3

Likhantši khetha fepa ka monate. E na le boleng le ea mahloriso ea lik'habohaedreite. Hana fructose mahloriso ya 1.5 le 3%, ba ke ke ba hana 10- le 20 lekholong tharollo. Ka tlaase khalori seratsoana feta appetizing nonyana chesa natefisoang lijo.

ea lijo-thollo Brewer oa fepa likhantsi dikgerama 30-35 ka letsatsi. Tomoso omileng moapehi le Brewer ka hlahiswa ka ho ja tsa bacha ho tloha letsatsi la bohlano la bophelo. Dry makhasi ao beet ka beha ka ho fihlela ho 10% ka boima ba 'mele ea furu khobokellane.

From phoofolo fepa ka sebelisoa nama, nama le bone bone, tlhapi le mali lijo, lebese phofo, buttermilk le khuoa lebese, tlhapi le biscuit nama, mali a hloekileng, phoofolo inedible mafura. The fepa ka ommeng phoofolo lokela ho sa feteng 7% ya fepa ka e.

Ho itšetlehile ka mokhoa oa ho fepa o etsoang tsoa le e lekanang fepa ka ho lokisetsa, e etsa hore ba ho feta ho fihlella ho ja, ho ntlafatsa digestibility le assimilability.

lijalo Root pele ho fepa hloekisa ho tswa ho mobu, ke hlatsoitse le e sithabetseng. Karolo ea fepa ka lijo-thollo e le tsona siloa. Ha sithabetsa khoahlapisitseng limatlafatsi lona ho feta fihlellwa tshilo ya dijo le tshebediso ke ho eketseha holim 'a kopana le mucosa tsa pampitšana tshilong ya dijo le ditholwana. Ho feta moo, dikarolo molemo lijo tse tsoakiloeng le mong ho e mong.

Bolokolohi itšetlehile ka mofuta le le lilemo li linonyana. Ho na le ho dikotwana tse latelang ho sila: o motle ho sila - 0,2 limilimithara karolelano - 1 ho 1,8 limilimithara, kgolo - 1.8-2.8 limilimithara. Batho ba baholo nonyana tse lakatsehang ho fana ka e kholo karoloana (karolelano) sila, bacha