Ke eng tloaelehile haholo le "seo ba se ja?"

Karabo ea potso eo e tloaelehile haholo ka jeokrafi, ho etsa mohlala, fumana tla ba ho le thata haholo, empa ho molemo ho etsa hore ea baeloji 'me ho nahana ka khopolo ena ho tswa ho lehlakoreng le likokoana-hloko.

Tlhaloso, tlhaloso, tloaelehile haholo

Bitsoa tloaelehile haholo mefuta e - baemeli ba limela bobeli le liphoofolo hore phela libakeng tse ka ho hloka leeme ka thōko kapa libakeng tse fokolang. Hangata e libakeng tsena ke bona ba lintlha tsa tikoloho kapa libaka ba aroloa ho ba bang kaofela ea lefatše. Ho phaella moo, libakeng tse ya data ba tšoauoa ka habitats conserved, ke hore, tseo ho tsona maemo a bakeng sa ho ba teng ha mefuta e tloaelehile haholo li e-s'o fetohe bakeng sa nako e telele ea nako.

Ka lebaka la mosebetsi a pharaletseng a batho ba bangata ba mefuta e kajeno ea limela le liphoofolo tse ho fallela karolong e sa fumanoa seoelo kapa a tloaelehile haholo, e le hore e khothalletsa batho ho theha libaka tsa boikhathollo naha le mehloli e le hore re lule re le eketsa ea baahi ba liphoofolo tse setseng. Humanity ke ho le thata ho utloisisa hore na ke tloaelehile haholo ho bokamoso ba rōna. The mefuta e eketsehileng di hlahiswa karolong tloaelehile haholo ka ho eketsehileng, re fokotsa habitats bona, liphoofolo le limela ho lokisetsa likolone tšoana.

tlhophiso ea endemics

Ke habohlokoa ho hlokomela hore dimela tloaelehile haholo hore phela naheng ea mahoatateng le 'ngoe feela (Welwitschia e hlollang, e leng e ntse e hōla feela ka Namib Lehoatata), e leng sehlekehleke e mong kapa e' ngoe ea orilla ea (ho na le ke subspecies ea hummingbird phelang ka e le 'ngoe thabeng Chimborazo, teng Amerika Boroa), e bitswang uzkoendemichnymi. E le hore ba a qetella a utloisisa se tloaelehile haholo, e lokela ho ba tloaelane le tlhophiso ea motheo, oo ka oona mefuta e kang ena e arotsoe ka neoendemics (a tsoela pele ho tloaelehile haholo) le paleoendemikov (relict tloaelehile haholo).

Neoendemics bitsoa joalo tsa likokoana-hloko taxa (mefuta e), e ntshetswa pele e tšoanang le ho "lehae" tsa lona, empa ka sebakeng se ka thōko, ho etsa mohlala lihlekehlekeng tse ka thōko ho tloha lik'honthinenteng. Ka mohlala, ka Madagascar 65% ya limela li entsoe ka mefuta e tloaelehile haholo, Hawaii, palo ea bona e ile ea eketseha ho ea ho 90%. Hape, li akarelletsa tse ling tsa mefuta e phelang ka Crimea, ka letšeng, le Seychelles, sehlekehlekeng sa Saint Helena, British Lihlekehlekeng, joalo-joalo 'Me, ea e le hantle, mokhoa oa ho bua ka seo ke tloaelehile haholo, haeba e se ho sa thoe letho ka baemeli ba tsebahalang haholo ..: kangaroos le koalas. Ba tlile ka infraclass phelang feela Australia.

Paleoendemikami mefuta e tšoanang li hlaha ka lebaka la ho fela hoo e ka bang ka ho feletseng ba bona ba ka likarolo kgolo ya mekoloko ea bona ea pele. Bakiloeng baemeli tsena tsa boholo-holo ba ileng ba pholoha, haholo-holo ka lebaka la ho itšehla thajana bona ka ho phethahetseng ho tloha ka ho eketsehileng tse tsoetseng pele. Relict mefuta tloaelehile haholo hangata li bitsoa mesaletsa phelang, kaha ba na le baemeli ba ka sehloohong ba lihlopha ba baholo, ea phetseng lilemong tse ngata tse fetileng. Tsena li akarelletsa crossopterygian tlhapi (coelacanth) klyuvogolovye lihahabi (Tuatara), likoena, pere lekhala, lungfish (protopter) monotremes (marabe platypus) le sa t D..

tloaelehile haholo of America

Amerika Leboea ke mefuta-futa ea eona ea mefuta e tloaelehile haholo o tšoaneloa hloko. E mong oa mefuta e ngata amogelwang ea limela bao e leng tse joalo le fumaneha ka naheng ea United States, ke seqhenqha sefate Sequoia, baemeli motho oo batho ba moo ba 'nile ba e mong ea bitsoang esita le mabitso a bona. Ke mefuta e tloaelehile haholo semela e boetse e akarelletsa phaene Balfour, tansy Huron, pachycormus discolor tse mebala-bala, Obregon de Khao Negri le sa t. D. From liphoofolo tloaelehile haholo lefatšeng la North America ka ho tsejoa moru linare, cougar, American ba batsho bere, Mississippi koena, le bullfrog (it fihla bolelele ya 20 cm,) le California condor.

Baikal - perela ea Siberia

Ho utloisisa se tloaelehile haholo ho Lake Baikal, re hloka feela ha noutu hore limela le liphoofolo tsa letšeng ke 65% e na le mefuta e tloaelehile haholo. Ho joalo, ho tloha moo ka mefuta 2600 phelang le subspecies ea hanyenyane ho feta 1,000 taxa, ka 95 genera, ka 10 malapa a litho tsa lefatše tloaelehile haholo. E mong oa ka ho fetisisa tummeng Lake Baikal endemics ka bitsoa Baikal tiiso (tiiso), e mong a le mong feela metsi a hloekileng dimela tiiso lefatšeng. E boetse e kenyeletsa letšeng mefuta tloaelehile haholo le malapa: golomyanka, zheltokrylye (tebileng leoatle tlhapi) Baikalian omul (Salmonidae lelapa) Baikalian epishura (crustaceans, fihla karolelano boholo ba ka 1.5-2 limilimithara) le, joalokaha ho boletsoe ka holimo, tiiso Baikalian.