Ea boholo-holo le ea kajeno metse e Segerike

Ea boholo-holo metseng e meholo Segerike ho ile ha hlaha pele ho mehla ea rōna. Ba ne ba e hahiloeng ke baemeli ba tsoelo-pele ea boholo-holo, e leng atoloswa ka nģ'ane ho meeli ea Greece ea kajeno. Moo ne meeli lona? Moo ho ile ha hahoa motseng, 'me tsela eo ba fetohile ha nako e ntse?

tsoelo-pele ea boholo-holo

Ka nako eo, Rephabliki ea Greece ke naha e Europe, teng karolong e ka boroa ea Balkan Hloahloeng le lihlekehlekeng haufi. Ho e hlatsoa ke maoatle tse hlano le koahela e leng sebaka se ea km lisekoere 131.957.

Nyenyane naheng European ke mohlahlami litsong tse susumetsoa ntshetsopele ya saense le tsebo ea ho tsoelo-pele ea Bophirimela. Ka histori lona ntshetsopeleng abelwang karolo ya linako tsena:

• Mycenaean (III-ke likete tse BC ...);
• Homer (. XI -IX lekholong la lilemo la BC ..);
• a khale (. VIII-VI lekholong la lilemo la BC ..);
• khale (V-IV lekholong la lilemo la BC ...);
• Bagerike (bobeli halofo IV - bohareng ba bo ke BC ...).

Ke tsela eo, Greece ea boholo-holo e ne e se boemo momahaneng le meeli ka tieo 'me motse-moholo. A emela palo ea metse e ikemetseng e loana le gaisana mo le e mong le e tse ling. Boholo ba tsebahalang li finyeletseng setso tsa tsoelo-pele ena e se e etsoa ka mehla ea heyday lona - nako classic, ha maano Aegean theha selekane se eteletsoe pele ke Athens.

Toropo pele Segerike

lilemo tse likete tse tharo le tse fetileng sehlekehlekeng sa Kreta teng baahi pele ho Segerike le tlwaelo haholo tsoetseng pele. Ba ne ba ba bolumeli cults, e rarahaneng e le hore ea lipolotiki le ea moruo, metako mural, esita le lengolo. All ena o tla le abela meloko ea pele ea Bagerike - the Achaeans, kaha o hlōloa le assimilated le Minoans.

Pele ba hapa Balkan Hloahloeng le melokong ea moo temo. Teaming le batho pele ho ea Segerike ea Kreta, le Achaeans ile sa hlahisa ho tsoelo-pele Mycenaean. Mona qala sebopeho sa sechaba Segerike.

Ka bobeli sa likete tse tharo BC ba Mycenaeans ne e le metse ea bona (Mycenae, Athens, Tiryns, Orchomenus). Joalokaha eka ke ka ho Minoans, litsi tsa bona li ne matlo a borena mabothobotho. Empa, ho fapana le nakong e fetileng setso khotso motse Mycenaeans ne a pota-potiloe ke marako a teteaneng. Ka hare, ba ile ba le tšekamelo ea ho ba le e 'ngoe ho feta leboteng potolohileng ntlo ea borena le acropolis.

Ka tšohanyetso a hlaha meloko barbarous atleha ho timetsa ba tsoelo-pele Mycenaean. Ho ne ho feela ho batho ba moo ba 'maloa (Ionians, Aeolians). Tlhaselo ea Barbarians, ho Dorians le melokong amanang ile lahleloa ntshetsopeleng ya setso ka lilemo tse makholo tse fetileng.

Lehong le seretse matlo a nkeloa sebaka sa pele e neng e matlo a borena mekato e 'meli, ha ho na likamano khoebo. Sena activates ntoa, piracy le bokhobeng. Ho phaella moo, baahi ba se ba kopanela temo le hlokomela liphoofolo, 'me metse Segerike tsona li tšoana le metsaneng.

Great kolone

Ka nako khale ea sechabeng arotswe litlelase. Eketsa boemo ba temo, mesebetsi ea matsoho, 'me matla a sesole. Motse oo o tla ba le a moruo, ba bolumeli le ba lipolotiki ba setsi sa bohlokoa. The VIII-VI cc ya. BC. e. ho ntshetsa pele shipbuilding, 'me le eona - lihlahisoa khoebo le makhoba.

Motse-moholo qala ho romela-ralikolone ho ntshetsa pele naha e ncha. Ka mabōpong tsa Northern Black Sea, Mediterranean le Asia Minor bonahala e etselitsoeng liqhobosheane motse-puso, kapa maano a. Ka tsela eo ho hlaha Milet, sephetho, Olviya (Ionians), Smyrna (Aeolians) Galikarnas, Hersonissos (dorijtsy). tsoelo-pele ea Segerike otlolla tloha morao-rao Rostov-na-Donu ho fihlela ho Marseille.

Kolone fetela le ka kakaretso ka khotso. Special motho oykist, kgetha sebaka le naha, ho o lokisetsa ka meloko ea moo, o khanna hloekisa litšebeletso le rerile ho beha ho fedisa.

Maano a atisa ho fumaneha ka lebōpo la leoatle, haufi le mehloli ea metsi a nooang. E 'ngoe ea ka litekanyetso tsa sehlooho bakeng sa ho khetha sebaka e ne e le liphallelo. O ne a lokela ho fana ka tšireletso ea tlhaho, e tse lakatsehang ho fana ka leralleng le ho amohela ka acropolis.

Bophelo ka leano la

Ka qetello ea ralikolone hangata peeletso basebetsi ba tloaelehileng, ba sa khotsofatsoe ke ho ea moo ba phahameng sechabeng-sehloho. Ka likolone le, sephetho sa lineano tsa setso ha li joalo palpable, e lumellang ho eketsa ha feela moruo empa hape setso. maano a haufinyane haholo ba boemo ruileng le leruo la bonono, mehaho le a sebetsang a bophelo ba sechaba le ba lipolotiki.

Tloaelehileng motse Segerike ile leo ho ahiloeng ho tloha batho ba 5 ho tse 10 tse sekete. naha ea bona e akaretsa limithara tse 200 lisekoere. km SE. maano a kgolo ne le baahi ba ka ho fihlela ho makholo a mabeli tse sekete (Sparta Praha, Sparta). Viticulture, tlhahiso ea oli ea mohloaare e, ho lokisa lirapa ke motheo oa moruo le limmaraka ka kananyo kapa e rekisoe. Baahi e ne e haholo-holo tsa lihoai le mesebetsi ea matsoho.

Maano a ne demokrasi lirephabliking. Ka pelo ea sechaba e ne e le sechaba. Mong le e mong o ne a setša e le tiiso ea ditlamo tsa lona ho leano la. Le ho lahleheloa ke mobu, o ile a ne a ka amohuoa le litokelo tsa botho. baahi feletseng (bahlabani motona), e sebetsang ka lipolotiki, e ne e le ho fihlela ho likete tse peli. Ba bang kaofela ba baahi (basele, makhoba, basali, le bana) ke ke ba kgetha.

maano a Planning

Maano pele e-s'o ka sebopeho hlakileng le moralo. Ea boholo-holo metseng e meholo Segerike ho ile ha hahoa ho ea ka sebaka sa. Ka lebōpong la leoatle, a bōpa koung kapa boema-kepe. Maano a, hangata e ne e le "tsamaiso peli le litekanyetso." Located ka acropolis leralleng (e ka holimo motseng) pota-potiloe ke marako a teteaneng.

Ka acropolis e ne e le litempele khōlō le liemahale. Toropong tlaase behoa lula matlo 'me' maraka lisekoere - the marakeng. O ile a sebeletsa e le setsi sa bophelo ba lipolotiki le ea sechaba. Ho lokiselitsoe marobalo sebakeng sa courthouse, le Batho ba Lekhotla la kopano, ho etsa ditransekshene le liqeto tsa amohela motse.

Ka nako classic oa maano a ea fetoha ma mwango hlophisitsoeng etselitsoeng Hippodamus. libakeng tse bolulo le literateng ho theha theiboleng le lisele tse likhutlo li 'nè kapa lisekoere. Marakeng le ntlo ba sebakeng tieo ka hare ho sele. lintho tsohle li hlophisitsoe ka bophara le literateng tse 'maloa tse sephara tse khōlō. Ka makholo a lilemo, morero ona o neng o ka lebaka la ho Litsebi tsa New York le metseng e meng.

Mabitso a metse Segerike

Meeli ea naha ea Greece ea boholo-holo angoa tse ngata tsa linaha tse ling tse hona joale ea Bulgaria, Ukraine, Italy le ba bang. Le motse o ruileng le kolone ea nako e telele bile e le lithako, 'me mabitso a bona, ka mabaka a lipolotiki le ea sechaba, ba ile ba fetoha.

mabitso a pele e neng e bolokile motse oa sejoale-joale Segerike. Ho fihlela joale, ho na le Athens, Korinthe, Thessaloniki, Halkida lefatšeng. Linaheng tse ling, ba ile ba ba feela hanyenyane fetohile mabitso, joalo Akragant kolone ka Italy e neng e le Agrigento le Gela - Gela. Ka Northern Black Sea mabitso morao-rao tsa metse Segerike fetohile hlokomeleheng haholo.

Tlaase mona ho thathamisitsoe motse oa boholo-holo ea Segerike ea Leoatle le Letšo, eo fetohile mabitso a bona. Ka parentheses - mabitso a bona hona joale le libakeng:

• Panticapaeum (Kerch, Crimea);
• Kerkinitida (Yevpatoriya, Crimea);
• Dioskuria (Sukhumi, Abhaziya);
• Hersonissos (haufi Sevastopol, Crimea);
• Olbia (haufi Ochakov, Nikolaev sebakeng, Ukraine);
• Kafa (Feodosia, Crimea).

motse Greece kajeno

Kajeno ka Greece, ho na le metse e 65. Ba bangata ba bona li ne li thehiloe pele ho mehla ea rōna. ke seo kholo ka ho fetisisa metse ea kajeno ea Athens, Thessaloniki le Patra?

Athens - motse-moholo oa Greece, ea moruo le bochaba ka sehloohong setsi sa lona. Sena ke o mong oa metse e moholo ka ho Europe, ha ho buuoa ka lekhetlo la pele ba e khale ea BC XVI lekholong la lilemo la. Morao-rao Athens tsebahalang e seng feela liemahale tsa boholo-holo, empa le bakeng sa tsa lefatše-sehlopha sa lona kabe, le le leholo mabenkele. Kajeno, motse-moholo ona ke lehae la batho ba ka bang limilione tse 4.

Thessaloniki - bobeli ho fetisisa baahi ba bangata motse naheng eo. Ho boetse ho e leng motse khale ka ho fetisisa tseo motho a ka bona liemahaleng tse ngata tsa nako ea boholo-holo le Byzantium. Tsebahalang Thessaloniki le indasteri lona tse ngata: metallurgy, Textile, sekepe lokisa. 'Me bonang! E matha bobeli ya ka dipehelo tsa tlhahiso ea thitelo ka ho Greece.

Patras - motse o ka sehloohong oa ho Peloponnese nang le baahi ba baahi ba ka bang 230 tse sekete. Ho e thehiloe ka ea botšelela lekholong la lilemo la BC. E ne e le mona a ileng a shoa lefu le moshoela-tumelo oa, Andrey Pervozvanny, e mong oa baapostola leshome le metso e le oa Kreste. Morao-rao Patras - ea bohlokoa setso setsi ka Southern Europe. Mong le e mong selemo, ba tšoareloa e tummeng Patras Carnival.