Cape Canaveral. Haufi le Linaleli

Cape Canaveral, Florida - mona ke ka sehloohong tsoibiloang sebaka ea East Lata mefuta e fapaneng - ho sebaka se ka sehloohong sa koung United States.

har'a 'moba

Lula lekholong la bo16 la lilemo e lebōpong la Florida, Maeurope a fana ka lebitso la Cape Cañaveral, e fetoletsoe ho tloha ho bolela Spain "moferong tsoekere ea 'moba." Ka mor'a ho lelekoa ha baahi ba matsoalloa a moo - ho Indian meloko timakua, Calusa le Seminole - lula ka linaheng tsa Cape Hasane mapolasi, le ho e lebōpong - batšoasi ba litlhapi le babokelli ba makhala.

Bohareng ba tse lekholo tse fetileng, ho hlahella American sebaka lenaneo o ile a nka fatše bakeng sa liteko lerumo. Ho tloha ka 1948, re ile ra qala ho etsa mosebetsi oa ka kopanngoa ha makala a seteishene sesole sa metsing "Banana River" (US Navy) le ho bōptjoa motheong ea eona ea US Air Force botlaaseng le liteko setsi. sebakeng se ile sa khetha ka tšohanyetso. Sparse baahi le planar ea Leoatleng la Atlantic fokotsa kotsi tikolohong ka ketsahalo ea ho hlōleha ha simolodisiwa ga kumo potlana-orbital.

Ha fumana Cape Canaveral (spaceport) 'mapeng, a otla ka libakeng ena tlaase bolokolohi - 28 ˚ N Bakeng sa papiso: Baikonur - 45 ˚ N Sena se etsa bonnete ba le menyetla e eketsehileng:

• Ho fihlela pele lebelo marang sebelisa matla kinetic tsa chenchana ea Lefatše.
• Keketseho ea boima ba payload eo Lata ho fihlela ho 30%.
• moruo mafura bakeng sa khumo unit trust ho orbit geostationary.

simolodisiwa ga kumo pele

Sekepe sa pele sa tse peli sethaleng koloi lonthja saeteng ka Cape Canaveral romeloa leholimong ka July 1950. Booster Lata koloi "Bumper 2" dumella ho finyella tlaleho e ka nako e le phahameng - 400 Km. Empa boiteko ba ho tlisa ka orbit pele maiketsetso sathelaete ka December 1957 e ile ea fela ka ho hloleha - the phatloha ya ditanka ka mafura a timetsa microcyteme Lata "Vanguard TV-3" metsotsoana peli ka mor'a hore a qale. Ka 1958, sebetsa ka ho ithuta ka holim'a sepakapaka le ho bopa tsa saense le botekgeniki motheong oa se entse neng e sa tsoa ile a bōpa 'muso mokhatlo oa' muso - NASA.

Tshebetso ya sebakeng lonthja rarahaneng le lintho tse mpe o ile a senola: Cape Canaveral bo jele setsi le maholiotsoana a matla le lialuma. mehaho e habeli-tshimololang ne mokhoa o sa fellang timetsoa ke likoluoa tsa tlhaho, le bakeng sa tokisetso ea lehalima ne ho shell tsoa e mashome eketsehileng tse limilione tsa liranta.

Cape Canaveral - Spaceport kapa Force Base?

Ka 1962, Mokhatlo oa National o qalile ho haha lona libaka tsa lonthja hae, e tsejoang e le Launch Center, 'me ho tloha November 1963 (ka mor'a ho bolaoa ha ba mopresidente 35th ea USA), ba ile ba rehoa Kennedy Space Center. Ka palo yohle, ho Cape le sehlekehlekeng boahelani ea Merritt Island, amahanngoa ke tsa dibopeho tsa motheo ho tloaelehile hore batho hore e ile ea hahoa mekatelo fetang mashome a mararo.

Dingolwa hangata e spaceport ka Cape Canaveral e bitsoa ka eona, ha e le hantle, diyuniti tse pedi tsa tsamaiso tsa mekhatlo ea fapaneng 'muso. simolodisiwa ga kumo tsohle li ne li etsoa ho fihlela 1965 le Air Force botlaaseng. The tumme haholo mosebetsing wa borumuwa le:

• Launch tsa sathelaete pele tsa Amerika (1958).
• Pele American potlana-orbital (1961) le ho orbital (1962) Sefofane sa-sepakapakeng.
• Launch tsa American basesisi pele ya tse peli (1964) le tse tharo (1968) batho bao.
• Ho ithuta lihloliloeng tsa leholimo ba tsamaiso ea letsatsi liteishene interplanetary jarolla ka ho iketsa.

From "Gemini" ho "Space Shuttle"

Top naleli tsa mahlo-mafubelu ea Center. Kennedy o qala letoto la rometsoe lifofa-sebakeng tsamaea le mothusi "Gemini" le astronauts tse peli ba palame sekepe seo. Kakaretso ea lifofane 12 sebaka ne a etsa ka moeeng. Katleho ka sehloohong e ne e le spacewalk-sepakapakeng E. White.

Cape Canaveral felehetsa ka sefofane ba astronauts ba ileng ba etela ho sathelaete ea tlhaho ea Lefatše. Tsohle e qala ka ho lokisetsa lenaneo le tshebediso sefofane tsamaea le mothusi le lulisa ka khoeli ( "Apollo") mekatelo etsoa tsa Center.

Kahoo, le eena o, o ile a qala leeto la bona ho haufi-Earth tsela hlano American "Shuttle" - shuttle diplomacy sebaka. From 1981 ho 2011, lifofane 135 li ne li entseng. Nehelanoe ka eena orbit 1,6 thous. Lithane tsa payloads le thepa, o atlehe ho etsa lipatlisiso le boima, ho lokisa 'me mosebetsi oa tlhomamiso.

Kajeno 'me hosasane

Ho tloha ka 2011, Cape Canaveral jarelang simolodisiwa ga kumo tsamaea le mothusi. Mabapi le ho fokotseha ha ditjhelete bakeng sa mananeo a sebaka ka tshebetso e tshehetswa tse 'nè feela mekatelo lonthja. Karolo mehahong oa tsosolosoa le ntlafatswa ho matha bajari ncha. Ka mohlala, ho hlongoa LC-39A (ka lekhetlo la pele ho tloha 2011) o lokisetsa ho romela letoto la Lata phakoe 9FT sebaka. February ba March 2017 | tharo lokiselitsoe mosebetsi qalong.

Lekhalo la maqhama a moruo le Russia e reng ke ka potso e itseng diporojeke tse di stellar US. Hoa tšoaneleha ntshetsopeleng ho eketsehileng bohlokoa ba mekhatlo ea poraefete sebaka. Ka tsela eo, merero Dragon le phakoe-9 ho tloha sepheo khampani SpaceX ho fokotsa ho itšetleha ea indasteri ea ka dikarolo ho tloha Russia. Ho sa le joalo NPO "ENERGOMASH" o ile a tiisa ho itokisa lona ho beha ka US nakong ea lilemo tse pedi 14 Lata enjene RD-181 ka tumellano pele a etsa qeto ea.