Bophelo potoloho sethaleng le ntshetsopele lihoho

Potoloho ea bophelo ba Frog ka, gametogenesis, peō le liketsahalo tse ling ka linako tse itseng ba itšetlehile ka lintho tse ngata ka ntle. Bophelo hoo e ka bang sehahabi tsohle itšetlehile ka palo ea limela le likokoanyana ka letamong le, hammoho le moea le metsi le dithemparetjha. Lihoho secrete mekhahlelo e sa tšoaneng ea ntshetsopele, ho kenyelletswa larval (lehe - embryo - tadpole - Frog). Tadpole metamorphosis ka motho e moholo e mong oa lengths fetisisa hlollang ka baeloji, kaha liphetoho tsena lokisetsa 'mele ea metsi fatše teng.

Ntshetsopeleng ya lihoho: difoto

Ka sehahabi tailless, tse kang lihoho le linqanqana, metamorphic phetoho fetisisa phatlalatsoe, hoo e ka bang mong le e mong lekala e fetotsoeng. Sebopeho 'mele fetola haholo. Ka mor'a hore ponahalo ea ka morao le ka pele maoto a mohatla butle-butle disappears. Chondrocranium tadpole e nkeloa sebaka ke lehata sefahleho sa mampapali mocha. meno Horny hore li sebelisetsoa ho ja tadpole pond dimela nyamela, molomo le mohlahare a nka sebopeho e ncha, mesifa ho feta tse tsoetseng pele ea leleme, molemo hore a tšoase lintsintsi le likokoanyana tse ling. O molelele o mala, e tloaelehileng ea herbivores, shortened ho tloaela ho ja lijo carnivorous ba motho e moholo. Ka sethaleng itseng tsa tsoelo-pele ea lihoho gills nyamela le matšoafo eketseha.

Se etsahalang hang-hang ka mor'a manyolo?

Nakoana ka mor'a hore peō, lehe le qala ho fallela ho tloha seleng e 'ngoe ho sethaleng e mong ka mokhoa oa ho karohano. The bokaholimo ba matsoele pele tsa phoofolo palo tshimolotse le fetela le fehlang fatše ho palo vegetal, arola lehe ka blastomeres tse peli. The bokaholimo ba matsoele bobeli etsahala ka dikhutloteng tokelo ya ho ya pele, ho arola lehe ka 4 blastomeres. Hara groove boraro e ka mahlakoreng le tokelo ya ho ya pele tse peli, ho ba haufi-ufi le phoofolo ho feta ho palo vegetal. E arola ka holimo mane nyane pigmented sebakeng sa tlase bane. Mothating ona, ho embryo na 8 blastomeres se. likarohano ka ho eketsehileng ba ho ba ka tlaase ho moo kamehla. Ka lebaka leo, lehe unicellular butle-butle fetoloa le 'ngoe-e nang le sele embryo, e mothating ona e bitsoa blastula, eo e ntse e mohato 8-16 seleng ea qala ho fumana mokelikeli-mokoti o tletseng metsi sepakapakeng. Ka mor'a letoto la liphetoho Monolayer blastula fetoloa peli ply embryo (gastrula). Tsamaiso ena e rarahaneng e bitswang gastrulation. sethaleng lipakeng tsa lihoho ka mohato ona akarelletsa sebopeho sa le dikarolo tse tharo sireletsang: ectoderm, mesoderm le endoderm, tseo le tsona li tsejoa e le mathomo le dikarolo kokoana-hloko. Hamorao le dikarolo tsena tse tharo loha larvae.

Tadpoles (larval sethaleng)

Tlang sethaleng sa ntshetsopele ya Frog mora embryo ke senakangoeli, e siea ba containment khetla ka hare ho libeke tse 2 ka mor'a peō. Ka mor'a ho thoeng tokoloho ea Frog larvae ba bitsoa tadpoles, e leng ho feta joaloka tlhapi e nyenyane ea ka 5-7 limilimithara ka bolelele. larvae 'mele ho akarelletsa ho se ikemetseng hlooho, kutu le mohatla. Karolo ea tsamaiso ea ho hema e bapaloang ke lipara tse peli ya gills nyane kantle. Botlalo thehoa makala tadpole e ikamahanya le maemo bakeng sa ho sesa le ho hema, le matšoafo a ho ntshetsa pele nakong e tlang tsa Frog ho tloha metso ea hae.

metamorphosis buka e ikhethang

Metsi tadpole undergoes letoto la liphetoho tse tla qetella sokolla hore e be Frog ka. Nakong metamorphosis ba bang ba mehaho e larval ba fokotswa, 'me ba bang ba fetola. Metamorphosis qadile thyroid mosebetsi, ka aroloa mekhahlelo e meraro.

1. Liphetoho ka ponahalo. Hola maoto le matsoho khama e tšehali, manonyeletso hōla, ho na le menoana. Forelimbs, a ntse a patiloe khethehileng lemenong le sireletsang, le tsoele ka ntle. mohatla e fokotsehile, sebopeho lona e butle-butle e robehileng le e sebakeng sa eona ho na le ha ho letho le setseng. Mahlo a ka mahlakoreng a fallela hodimo oa hlooho ea hao 'me e be bulging, tsamaiso ea lateral makala mola nyamela, letlalo khale e hleka,' me e ncha, le lotho ea litsoelesa letlalo, develops. mehlahare Horny nyamela hammoho le letlalo larval, ba nkeloa sebaka ke mohlahare nete, lefufuru pele ebe masapo. molomo lekhalo e haholo e eketsehileng, e le hore e kholo Frog ja likokoanyana.

2. Liphetoho ka kaheho ea ka hare. Gills qala ho lahleheloa ke se bolelang le ho fela, leseli le ho ba le ho feta tshebetso. liphetoho tse lekanang etsahala tsamaisong ea vascular. Joale gills butle-butle khaotsa ho phetha karolo e itseng ho ajoa ea mali, mali a feta qala ho phalla ka matšoafong. E ba tse tharo-chambered pelo. Phetoho ea ho tloha lijo bogolosegolo meroho ho ja lijo feela carnivorous ama alimentary kanale bolelele. E a petetswa le sothehileng. Molomo o fetoha bophara mohlahare hlahisa eketseha puo, mala le sebete ba boetse ba e-ba tse khōlō. Pronephros nkeloa sebaka liphio mesospheric.

3. Liphetoho ka phela ka eona. Nakong ea phetoho ea ho tloha larvae ho sethaleng batho ba baholo ba ho iphetola ha lintho ba ka Frog ka qala ho ea metamorphosis, ho fetola bophelo ba sehahabi. Hangata ho leng ho fihlela ho holim 'bakeng sa moea le ya moya e tlala matšoafo.

Frog - e nyenyane tlhahiso ea Frog batho ba baholo

A le lilemo li libeke tse 12, ho tadpole na feela masala nyenyane ea mohatla le tšoana le tlhahiso nyenyane tsa motho e moholo, eo e leng ka beke 16, hangata e phetha potoloho feletseng ea ho hōla. Ntshetsopele le mefuta e tla ama ba lihoho, ba bang ba lihoho ba phelang ka bophahamong phahameng kapa libakeng tse batang, ka phela ka sethaleng tadpole tsohle mariha. Itseng mefuta e ka 'na na le mekhahlelo ea eona e ikhethang ea ntshetsopele, e fapana ho ea ka ba ea setso.

Frog lifecycle

lihoho ho fetisisa bakang nakong ea lipula, ha matamo a tletse metsi ka metsi. Tadpoles bao matla e fapane hōle le ja batho ba baholo ba ka sebelisa monyetla oa ho ea ka bongata ba dimelametsing le limela ka metsing. Mahe a khethehileng sireletsang jelly e motšehali e behela tlas'a metsi kapa limela teng haufi le moo, 'me ka linako tse ling u se ke ua esita le tsotella litloholo. Qalong embryos monya mehloli bona yolk. Hang ha embryo fetohile tadpole, tadpole jelly qhalana 'me o tsoela ka ntle ho khetla hae a ho sireletsa. Ntshetsopeleng ya mahe Frog hore e be batho ba baholo a tsamaea le a 'maloa a liphetoho rarahaneng (ponahalo ea maoto le matsoho fokotsa mohatla, litho tse ka hare rearrangement, joalo-joalo). Ka lebaka leo, batho ba baholo phoofolo ka sebopeho sa eona, bophelo le tikoloho e fapane haholo ho tswa ho mekhahlelo e fetileng ya ntshetsopele.