Bochabela Afrika Plateau. Moo ke African Plateau East?

Plateau African bochabela e teng ho ea ka boroa-bophirimela ho "Horn ya Afrika" - e Hloahloeng Somali, ka boroa ho lihlabeng Moethiopia. Ea liphallelo tsa tšimo ena e khōlō e ka matla dissected. Mona, phahameng ka ho fetisisa litlhoro tse lithaba li kopanngoa le liphula tse tebileng tsa the Great Rift Valley. mokhatlo oa Crustal e tsamaea le litšisinyeho tsa lefatše le ho foqoha ha seretse se chesang. Hoo e ka bang sebaka se lohle le libaka subequatorial klimate.

lihlabeng bochabela Afrika: lithuto tsa ka XIX lekholong la lilemo la

Karolo e phahamisa ea k'honthinente ka lilemo tse makholo le 'nile hampe ithutileng tsona. Leha drive likarete Kilimanjaro sebetswa ho e 'ngoe (lekholong la lilemo la II-III BC) Ptolemy. Se tlalehiloe se le tse koahetsoeng ke lehloa lithaba tlhōrō haufi basesisi equator le bahoebi Mehleng e Bohareng. Bokolone fragmentation sitisoa hlophisitsoeng sebakeng lipatlisiso.

Qalong karolo ea tšimo, e leng tlhōrō phahameng ka ho fetisisa Afrika, e le Brithani. Ho na le phetolelo e le hore ka 1889 ho British Mofumahali Victoria o ile a fa Moemphera oa Jeremane Wilhelm II (mochana oa hae), ea kholo ka ho fetisisa le tape foqoha seretse se chesang ka Africa - Kilimanjaro. Ho tla fihlela ka 1918, ho ne ho tloaelehile ho Europe, e boetse e tsejoa e le khoune lona - "The tlhōrō ea Kaiser Wilhelm". phahameng sechabeng saense 'nileng a bonahatsa thahasello ea ho ithuta sebakeng sena ka lilemo tse mashome ho qetela tsa lekholo la lilemo la XIX, ha hloa Kibo Jeremane Hans Meyer. Ho tloha ka nako eo, ha a pshesa phallo ea bo-rasaense le bahahlauli ba batlang ho bona foqoha seretse se chesang le senatla, matša a matle, likhutlong e sa tloaelehang ea tlhaho. Ka Tanzania, Kenya le tse ling tse e re African East ho ntshetsa pele bohahlauli, chelete matlotlo.

Sebopeho Geological ea Afrika Bochabela

Ha ho bapisoa, Asia le Amerika, karolong ena ea lefatše atoloswa na maporogo tsa lithaba a phuthilweng, e hlalosoa ka histori Geological le sebōpeho sa karolong e ka holimo ea lefatše. Ka ho fetisisa phahameng ka holimo ho boemong ba maoatle, le arohaneng 'me selefouno unit trust - the African Plateau East. Bophahamo ba ho fetisisa tsa sebaka seo - ho tloha 500 ho 1500 limithara motheo entsoe ka bonaletsang boholo-holo le mafika metamorphic, lilemo tsa bona - .. khale Lilemo tse fetang limilione tse likete tse 2. E le setsi ke Precambrian sethaleng sekhechana pramaterika gondwana dulce amo. Ka koahela sekoahelo sedimentary thehoa holim'a. The Cenozoic mehla mona ho ne ho lichifi bohlokoa ea karolong e ka holimo ea lefatše, 'me ka ho ba sethaleng ho qetela oa mohaho lithaba ho ne ho ea lefatše ho ea ka ho fetisisa le molato oa libaka le uplifts.

Bophahamo feletseng tsa lihlabeng African East fetang 1000 m. Tšimong ea The lohle le tšoauoa ka mosebetsi phahameng litšisinyeho tsa lefatše, litšisinyeho tsa lefatše, mosebetsi ha seretse se chesang e hlokomela mehleng ea kajeno. Bolelele palo yohle ya bohlokoa ka ho fetisisa le lefatseng la tsa meferefere tectonic ho tloha ka leboea ho ea ka boroa e 6000 km SE. Liphoso tsoa Near East ka Leoatleng le Lefubelu. Afrika, ba qala ka leboea-bochabela ho fihla phuleng Danakil le e qetella ka boroa haufi le molomo oa nōka. Zambezi.

boemo ba libaka

Phahameng Lithoteng - African sehlabeng East - mapeng akaretsa sebaka se seholo se ba k'honthinente, e leng karolong e ka leboea lifapano equator. Ho ea ka bophirimela larileng ka Congo beisine.

Bolelele ba lihlabeng Moethiopia ho Lake Nyasa (leboea ho ea ka boroa) ke 1750 km SE. Ho tloha moeling o ka bophirimela ho Leoatle la Indian lebōpong le -1400 km SE. Sebakeng sehlabeng e teng bochabela tsa lithaba Ruwenzori le Virunga drive. The litlhōrō phahameng ka ho fetisisa ea dikhouno le mona re bapile ka mahlakore liphoso tebileng tectonic, liphula. Sebakeng sena ke tšimoloho ea watersheds ba ka sehloohong le linōka tsa Africa (Congo, Nile, Zambezi). tšimong eo e leng oa e bolela e sa tšoaneng ea k'honthinente e: Kenya, Tanzania, Uganda, Zambia, Rwanda, Burundi, Malawi.

Features ya ea liphallelo sebakeng tsa tlhaho

The litlhōrō e khōlō ea naha ena e sehlabeng African East - a sebetsang le khaolitse ho foqoha seretse se chesang:

• Kilimanjaro (5895 limithara);
• Kenya (5199 limithara);
• Tekanyo (4565 limithara);
• Elgon (4320 limithara).

Thabeng phahameng ka ho fetisisa ea k'honthinente e - Kilimanjaro, e sebakeng Tanzania. Batho ba moo ba e bitsa "White Mountain," "Ntlo ea Molimo, ho beha a batang a." Khanyang o mosoeu lehloa le glaciers ea Kilimanjaro tse bonahalang ka makholo a km. Dome le lithabeng ha thehoa ea litlhōrō tse tharo: a bohareng - Kibo (5696 limithara), linaheng tsa bochabela - Mawenzi (5149 limithara), Bophirimela - Shire (3962 limithara). Bochabela Afrika Plateau na mehloli e khōlō ea metsi a nooang. E pharaletseng tectonic tepella maikutlo ae phethang tebang (80 limithara) Lake Victoria Basin - kholo ka ho fetisisa ka k'honthinente 'me ea bobeli foreshe-metsi a pokello sebakeng lefatšeng. bophahamo ba eona e ka holimo ho bophahamo ba leoatle se 1134 limithara Sebakeng sena ho na le linkho tse ling tsa metsi a hloekileng -. Lake Tanganyika, Rudolph, Edward, Alpine glaciers.

liminerale

Afrika Bochabela, mehaho e le kristale tse haufi le holim'a metsi, ho etsa hore ho be bonolo ho batla, morolo le tlhahiso ea tšepe tšepe, majoe a bohlokoa. E le karolo ea tse fapa-fapaneng mefuta e meng ea tlisang liphallelo e busitse ke ua feela mafika e moholo. Ho na le mocha sedimentary le lihlopha ha seretse se chesang. Karolo eo ea naha, moo lihlabeng East African, ruileng magmatic, metamorphic, sedimentary mafikeng, liminerale. Lenane la liminerale ntšitsoeng:

• tšepe, le thini tšepe;
• Noble (khauta), le tšepe seoelo;
• mobung taemane:
• ea bohlokoa Lejoe tanzanite ;
• mashala;
• fluorite.

Ho se tšoane ea tlhaho lihlabeng East African

ena ea tšimo naha tlelaemete e susumetsoa equator le e chesang e mongobo matšoele moea eaba ba etsa linako - metsi le e omme. Mosikong oa thaba e foqohang seretse ea, tobane le Leoatleng la Indian, pula e fetang a le matsoapong ka bophirimela. Bochabela Afrika Plateau - ke lithoteng le lihlaba, e laoloa ke lesabasaba le meru. lijalo lenngoeng atolosa ho ba bolelele ba 1800 limithara dimela Tloaelehileng -. joang, lihlahla, baobabs se nang balekane, sekhele leoka le lifate tse ling. Ka phoofolo 'muso oa Afrika Bochabela e laoloa ke ungulates phytophage, carnivores, metsi linonyana.

Ka lesabasabeng tsoha mehaho ea bohloa, hangata fumana linoha, mekholutsoane le likolopata. Ka leboea ho Tanzania otlolla se seholo lihlabeng ha seretse se chesang le lefatšeng-e tsebahalang Crater (Caldara) Ngorongoro bophara li 22 km SE. Kwa tlase - Lake Magadi, Savannah Biosphere Reserve tsa lebitso tšoanang. Karolong ena ea k'honthinente (ka bophirimela la mohohlo ea Ngorongoro Highlands) e teng Olduvai khohlo, moo mesaletsa ea batho ba boholo-holo a ile a fumanoa ba neng ba lula ba limilione tse 2. Lilemong tse fetileng, ho lithotsela liphoofolo bolaoa ke tsona, khale Lejoe lilepe le scrapers.

Foqoha seretse se chesang, 'me lesabasabeng la Afrika khahloa palo e khōlō ea bahahlauli ba tsoang lefatšeng lohle. Ho phalla kholo ka ho fetisisa e kena nako ho tloha June ho ea ho September. Bakeng sa ho ithuta le paballo ea mefuta-futa e oohle oa tlhaho, bojanala jwa tlhago mokgatlo lihlabeng African East bōptjoa lirapeng tsa boikhathollo o moholo wa naha le mehloli.