Ba lokisetsa ho ea ethylene

Ethylene kapa ethene - ke colorless, chang khase le Muscat a bonolo le monko o monate. lik'hemik'hale moralo lona C2H4. Ethene ke alkene bonolo (hydrocarbons unsaturated le 'ngoe habeli tlamo e pakeng tsa liathomo haufi k'habone). Molare boima - 28,05 g, / Mol. Qhibiliha ntlha - -169,2 ° C, a phehile mocheso - -103,7 ° C. Flashpoint - -136 ° C, e autoignition - +542,8 ° C. Ka 1680, I. Berger (Jeremane ngaka le setsebi sa k'hemistri) ya ethyl joala ha a pepesa ho oli ea vitriol (jwalo bitsoa ha acid e sulfuric) e ile ea pele finyelloa fumana ethylene tloha ethanol. The mehaho moralo oa ethylene ka 1860, ho theha Russia setsebi sa k'hemistri A. M. Butlerov ba itšoara joang ea methylene iodide ka koporo. khase ena ke hanyenyane bobebe ho feta moea, e le hampe qhibilihang ka har'a ka metsi, ka solvents manyolo, - hantle.

ethylene itokisa le ho ithuta thepa ea eona, e le qalo ea e amana le Bohareng ba lekholo la bo19 la lilemo e ile ea etsa hore kajeno hore ethylene ke ka ho fetisisa ratoa manyolo komponeng. tlhahiso ea lona lefatšeng ka bophara e ile ea fihla lithane tse fetang limilione tse 109 ka 2006. Kajeno, ho fumana ethylene tsoela pele ho iphetolele. Ka 2010, ho se hlahisitseng se ka tlase ho 117 lik'hamphani linaheng 55. Ethylene e sebediswa e le lintho tse bonahalang e tala ka tlhahiso ea polyethylenes la khatello sevilene phahameng le tlaase le thepa e 'ngoe polymeric fumanweng ka tshebetso ya ho copolymerization le comonomers tse sa tšoaneng. Hape e sebelisoa bakeng sa ho hlahisa ethylbenzene le styrene, oxide e ethylene, vinyl chloride, vinyl ea acetate, acid e acetic, ethyl joala le ethylene glycol.

Ke'ng e ileng ea kgolo ya bokgoni tlhahiso, ikemiseditse ho fumana e ethylene? Haholo-holo ho atolosoa ha 'maraka oa thepa e polymeric. Nhua polyethylene mofuta jang ho feta halofo ea tlhahiso ea lefatše ea ethylene. Boitsebiso polymeric e fetisisa ho pharaletseng a sebelisa polasetiki lefatšeng. Hobane o entsoe filimi merero e sa tšoaneng. Guttate alpha olefins fumanoa ka oligomerization (sebopeho sa liketane lekgutshwanyane polymer) li sebelisoa e le precursors, detergents, plasticizers, lubricants maiketsetso, additives, 'me e le comonomers ka tlhahiso ea polyethylenes. tšebeliso e mong ka sehloohong ea ethylene tataiso - ke ho kena moea lona ho hlahisa, e leng ka sehloohong e tala lintho tse bonahalang e ho hlahisa mahlahana holim-mafolofolo le oxide e detergents ethylene. oxide e Ethylene e tlas'a hydration ka lebaka fumana ethylene. E ho pharaletseng sebediswa e le antifreeze e likoloi.

Kajeno, ba lokisetsa ho ea ethylene e atlehe ha e le hantle ke pyrolysis ea otlolohile li matha peterole kapa karoloana lohle la hydrocarbons leseli. Ka Russia le USSR pele e neng e na le e fapaneng matla tlhomamiso hahoa bobeli bakeng e ruuoang (Giprokauchuk, VNIPINeft, Bashgiproneftekhim) le tsa theknoloji e tsoang linaheng tse ling (Linde AG). hlahisoeng ha a le teng ka ho arotsoe ka lihlopha tse tharo: (. 300 le 450 likete tse boima ba lithane ethylene selemo le selemo) matla a tlaase (. boima ba lithane tse 30 le tse 60 ka selemo sa ethylene), Medium (. tonnes 100 le 200 tse sekete ka selemo) 'Me phahameng. Ke mang ea ka lefatše ba sebetsa dimela nang le bokgoni bo boholo: ho tloha 400 ho tse 500 'me esita le ho fihlela ho lithane tse 800 tse sekete tsa ethylene ka selemo. Keketseho ena e fana ka tlhahiso o dumella ho fokotsa itseng tse bonahalang, matla le motse-moholo oa ditjeo.

Ba lokisetsa ho ea ethylene o etsoang ho tsoa e ea liindasteri tsa lik'hemik'hale, ho kopanyelletsa le pyrolysis dimela, yuniti khase karohano, ho emisa demineralizer. Raw lintho tse bonahalang - khase kapa tse ling tse-ba leseli oli karoloana ka hloekisoa kapa metsoako lona le mouoane ea metsi (tshebetso bakeng sa ho fokotsa ho thehoe Coke ka methapo sebōpi). Boitsebiso tala fuoa ho pyrolysis sebōpi, moo e mocheso oa 750 ho tse 900 ° C thehoa pyrogas entsoeng ka haedrojene le hydrocarbons eo limolek'hule na le e 'ngoe (methane e) ho k'habone liathomo mashome a mabeli. Mocheso oa pyrolysis e sebelisoa ka sethusathuto khethehileng, e leng e hlahiswa ho tloha metsi tšoaroa ea mouoane phahameng khatello ea, 'me folisoa pyrogas kena lehoakhoa karohano unit trust pyrolysis (boima) le pyrocondensate. Ka mor'a moo pyrogas nang haholo hydrocarbons tloha C1 ho C4, e fuoa ho turbocharger (the turbine khannoang ke mouoane phahameng khatello ea), e le tlas'a khatello e fepa ho distillation lenaneng la tsamaiso e khopo khase karohano. Ho na le kabo ya dihlahiswa tsa motheo tse kang ethylene le propylene (khumo lona, ha li bapisoa le ethylene, kamehla ka makhetlo a mabeli tlase), le byproducts tsa hydrogen, methane e, ethane Propane, butylene-butadiene karoloana, sekontiri pyrolysis khanya kapa metsoako avtmobilnyh peterole.

Hape ho bonolo ho lokisetsa ethylene catalytic pyrolysis. Ka tekanyo e liindasteri, mokhoa ona ha ea kenngwa tshebetsong, le hoja teko ea hae naheng ya rona ka nako ea eona o atlehe, eseng feela ka Litlhophiso tsa laboratori,, empa hape le libakeng liindasteri. Molemo ka ho ka khoneha ho fokotsa pyrolysis mocheso ka ho sebelisa ho etswa ha. Ke eketsa selectivity (selectivity) ya tshebetso e ntse e eketseha, e bapisoa le pyrolysis mogote, lihlahisoa tse ethylene le propylene, fokotswa sebopeho sa ka lihlahisoa-, le Coke. Hona joale, bafuputsi ka linaheng tse sa tšoaneng li sebetsa lebisa ho batla e atlehang sethothetsi le hardware thulaganyou e moralo.